Oriental Journal of History, Politics and Law

PRELIMINARY PROTECTIVE MEASURES IN ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS

2026-04-12T16:11:11+00:00

This article examines preliminary protective measures in administrative proceedings as an important instrument for ensuring effective judicial protection of the rights, freedoms, and legitimate interests of citizens and organizations. The legal nature of preliminary measures, their significance in the process of resolving administrative disputes, and the specific features of their application by courts are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the objectives, grounds, and conditions for the application of preliminary protective measures, as well as their role in preventing possible harm to the applicant’s rights prior to the issuance of a final court decision. The issues of proportionality and justification in applying these measures are also considered, along with their impact on ensuring the principles of fairness and legality in administrative proceedings. The article further explores current trends in the development of the institution of preliminary protection and the challenges arising in its practical application.

FOREIGN TRADE RELATIONS OF THE KOKAND KHANATE AND THEIR ROLE IN THE CENTRAL ASIAN ECONOMIC SYSTEM

2026-04-17T04:30:42+00:00

This study examines the foreign trade relations of the Kokand Khanate, the factors of their formation, and the stages of their development based on historical sources. Particular attention is paid to the trade connections of the Khanate with neighboring states, the Russian Empire, Eastern Turkestan, and other regions, as well as to trade routes, export-import structures, and the specific features of its economic policy. The research demonstrates that the foreign trade relations of the Kokand Khanate played a significant role in the formation and development of the economic system of Central Asia.

THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEMS ON THE ECOLOGICAL THINKING OF YOUTH (A CASE STUDY OF UZBEKISTAN)

2026-04-24T11:22:42+00:00

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are an important tool for improving the efficiency of modern environmental monitoring systems and forming environmental awareness. This article studies the impact of AI-based environmental monitoring systems on the environmental awareness of young people in Uzbekistan. The results of the study showed that the provision of environmental information using interactive platforms and visualization tools significantly increases the environmental awareness of young people. At the same time, the effectiveness of the scientific-practical approach, interactive methods with young people, and the integration of monitoring results into the educational process were analyzed.

THE ROLE OF THE CHANGE PORTIONING SYSTEM IN DEVELOPING FACILITATIVE MANAGEMENT COMPETENCIES IN YOUNG LEADERS

2026-04-28T13:34:18+00:00

This article investigates the development of facilitative competencies of young leaders in the modern management environment. It analyzes the methodological role of the "change portioning" system in enhancing management efficiency under conditions of instability and rapid change (VUCA, BANI). The study provides a scientific basis for how the change segmentation strategy reduces psychological resistance within the team and fosters flexible management skills in young leaders. The article concludes with practical suggestions aimed at improving the facilitation skills of young personnel.

THE ROLE OF CITIZENS’ SELF-GOVERNMENT BODIES IN PROTECTING CONSUMER RIGHTS IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY

2026-04-09T19:38:32+00:00

This article examines the role of citizens’ self-government bodies in ensuring the protection of consumer rights in the context of the digital economy. The development of digital technologies, e-commerce, and online platforms significantly expands opportunities for consumers, but at the same time creates new risks associated with unfair practices, internet fraud, and violations of the rights of users of digital services. In these conditions, the participation of civil society institutions, particularly citizens’ self-government bodies, becomes especially important in improving the legal awareness of the population, informing citizens about consumer rights, and facilitating the protection of their legitimate interests. The article analyzes the main directions of participation of citizens’ self-government bodies in protecting consumer rights in the digital environment and proposes recommendations for improving cooperation between state authorities and citizens’ self-government bodies.

VIEWS OF THE UZBEKS OF THE FERGANA VALLEY RELATED TO THE CULT OF BLOOD

2026-04-12T17:12:14+00:00

The article analyzes the views of the Uzbeks of the Fergana Valley related to the symbolism of blood. The main focus is on archaic ideas concerning the genesis of this sacred symbol, the attitude of the Uzbek people toward the cult of blood, and the reflection of this symbol in family and religious rituals.

ANALYSIS OF SOCIETAL TRANSFORMATION BASED ON THE VIEWS OF DANIEL BELL AND ALVIN TOFFLER

2026-04-21T13:49:05+00:00

This article analyzes the formation of postindustrial and information society theories and the conceptual foundations of societal transformation based on the views of Daniel Bell and Alvin Toffler. Bell’s concept of postindustrial society highlights the predominance of knowledge and the service sector, the strategic role of theoretical knowledge, and the impact of technological progress on social structures. Toffler’s “Third Wave” theory examines the civilizational changes following agrarian and industrial stages, focusing on the emergence of a new socio-cultural model due to the penetration of information and communication technologies into social life.

ANALYSIS OF NOTARIAL REFORMS BASED ON BLOCKCHAIN AND LEGAL CHATBOTS: THE EXPERIENCE OF DELAWARE AND THE UNITED KINGDOM

2026-04-26T15:49:33+00:00

This article discusses the issues of developing the notary system based on modern technologies. In particular, the application of blockchain technology in notarial processes, its advantages in the secure storage and verification of documents are widely analyzed. Also, the experience of the state of Delaware in blockchain-based registries is considered and the possibilities of adapting it to the conditions of Uzbekistan are assessed. The second part of the article examines the issues of using chatbots for legal consultations, regulatory approaches developed by the United Kingdom and their positive aspects. Finally, practical proposals for Uzbekistan are given.

EDUCATION AND CULTURAL CODE: THE TRANSFORMATION OF WOMEN IN DIGITAL UZBEK SOCIETY

2026-04-12T15:58:54+00:00

This article presents a socio-philosophical analysis of education as a fundamental mechanism for shaping an individual's cultural code. Particular attention is paid to the role of family values in shaping personal identity, gender roles, and women's social activity. In the context of digital Uzbek society, the transformation of female identity is interpreted as the result of a complex interaction between education, family, and the digital environment. The study argues that the synthesis of traditional cultural codes and modern digital values is crucial for sustainable social development.

STRATEGIC ASPECTS OF UZBEKISTAN–TURKEY RELATIONS AT THE MODERN STAGE

2026-04-17T03:23:18+00:00

This article analyzes the main directions of strategic relations between Uzbekistan and Turkey in the modern stage. It examines the development trends in political and diplomatic relations, trade and economic cooperation, investment activities, transport and logistics, as well as cultural, humanitarian, and security cooperation. Particular attention is given to the integration processes within the Turkic world, the formation of the Ankara–Tashkent geopolitical axis, and the “4+4” mechanism, highlighting their importance for regional security. The paper also explores the strategic prospects of bilateral relations in the context of regional and global dynamics.

SOCIO-HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPING INTERETHNIC RELATIONS IN UZBEKISTAN

2026-04-24T07:01:26+00:00

In the context of globalization, the inevitable logic of changes occurring in society has begun to firmly require citizens to proportionally transform their socio-spiritual way of life. In such conditions, it is important to strengthen and further elevate the spiritual worldview of our population, especially the youth. In developed countries, the pursuit of fair distribution is characterized, on the one hand, by ensuring the individual interests of a person, and on the other hand, by striving to achieve overall equality. In Uzbekistan, however, the highest values for the people are spiritual factors, especially human dignity, reputation, self-respect, honor, and conscience. Such socio-spiritual demands naturally require the harmonization of values, placing them in a logical sequence one after another.

DOCUMENTS ON THE INTRODUCTION OF A NEW COMMUNICATION SYSTEM IN THE BUKHARA EMIRATE

2026-04-27T15:46:54+00:00

This article analyzes the introduction of modern communication systems, particularly telegraph and railway services, in the Bukhara Emirate in the late 19th and early 20th centuries based on archival sources. It examines the financial and organizational aspects of these projects implemented under the influence of the Russian Empire, as well as the security measures and their impact on local administration and population. Reports of regional governors reveal practical challenges and their solutions during the implementation process. The study concludes that while the telegraph system contributed to the development of the emirate, it also served to strengthen the colonial interests of the Russian Empire.

FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRADE SYSTEM IN UZBEKISTAN DURING THE SOVIET PERIOD

2026-04-12T16:53:05+00:00

This article provides a historical analysis of the organization and development of the trade system in Uzbekistan during the Soviet period. It examines the formation of the trade sector under a centralized planned economy, state control mechanisms, the specific features of the distribution system, and the methods of supplying the population with consumer goods.

THE PROSPECTS FOR COOPERATION AMONG CENTRAL ASIAN STATES IN THE ANALYSES OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

2026-04-21T05:06:07+00:00

This article examines the prospects for cooperation among the Central Asian states based on reports and analytical materials of international organizations. The study analyzes regional integration processes, security, economic cooperation, transport and logistics systems, as well as water and energy issues through a comprehensive approach. According to the findings of the article, international organizations assess the region as having high potential for sustainable development and integration.

HISTORY OF ENSEMBLES AND ORCHESTRAS

2026-04-26T10:04:51+00:00

The article examines the formation stages of ensemble and orchestral art, their principles of historical development, and aspects of mutual interconnection. The evolution of musical groups is analyzed in a socio-cultural context, highlighting the specific features of the period from chamber ensembles to symphony orchestras.

RES JUDICATA IN INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION: TOWARDS AN AUTONOMOUS APPROACH AND IMPLEMENTATION IN UZBEK LAW

2026-04-10T02:32:32+00:00

The doctrine of res judicata, a fundamental principle ensuring the finality of judicial decisions, has become increasingly significant in international commercial arbitration as cross-border disputes proliferate and arbitration emerges as the preferred dispute resolution mechanism. This paper examines the application of res judicata to international arbitral awards, analyzing the tension between traditional domestic law approaches and emerging autonomous transnational principles. Through a comprehensive review of contemporary scholarship and arbitral practice, this research demonstrates that the current reliance on domestic law through conflict-of-laws analysis produces unpredictability and inconsistency, undermining the efficiency and certainty that parties seek in arbitration. The paper advocates for an autonomous approach grounded in party autonomy and arbitrators' inherent powers, proposing broad preclusive effects that encompass claim preclusion, issue preclusion, and abuse of process doctrines. The final section explores the implementation of these principles within Uzbekistan's evolving legal framework, offering recommendations for legislative reform and judicial practice to align Uzbek arbitration law with international best practices while respecting the country's civil law tradition.

HISTORY OF UZBEKISTAN'S MADRESAS AND ISSUES OF ACADEMIC FREEDOM

2026-04-13T03:25:05+00:00

This article analyzes the emergence, stages of development and role of madrasahs in the education system. It also covers the activities of madrasahs in Central Asia, particularly in Uzbekistan, their educational content, management system and social significance. The role of madrasahs in the development of not only religious but also secular sciences is substantiated.

THE STATE OF THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR IN THE SEMIRECHYE AND TRANS-CASPIAN REGIONS DURING THE PERIOD OF RUSSIAN COLONIAL RULE

2026-04-24T05:58:36+00:00

The government of the Russian Empire implemented a number of necessary measures to develop healthcare in the Trans-Caspian and Semirechye regions, along with all other provinces of the Turkestan territory.

DIFFERENT ATTITUDES AND APPROACHES TO MEDIATION PROCESSES IN THE HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT

2026-04-27T15:02:40+00:00

This article examines various attitudes and approaches to mediation processes in the history of political thought. Furthermore, the article scientifically examines the development of mediation as an effective method that facilitates the resolution of mutual contradictions and conflicts in society, as a means of regulating relations between people.

PHILOSOPHICAL AND MORAL PROBLEMS OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES IN NEW UZBEKISTAN

2026-04-12T16:34:44+00:00

This article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the philosophical and ethical problems of social sciences in the context of the New Uzbekistan. The study examines the processes of social modernization, the transformation of spiritual and moral values, new paradigms of the relationship between the individual and society, and the methodological foundations of social sciences. Particular attention is given to the preservation of national moral values in the context of globalization, the formation of civic consciousness, and the development of social responsibility. The article also highlights the role of social sciences in social development, their philosophical and methodological foundations, and their relationship with ethical principles.

ISSUES OF UNIFYING THE LEGAL REGULATION OF INFORMATION SERVICES IN STATE BODIES: A CASE STUDY OF THE DRAFT INFORMATION CODE

2026-04-18T11:12:42+00:00

This article analyzes the issues of unifying the legal regulation of information services in state bodies and organizations, using the draft Information Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan as a primary case study. The research scientifically examines problems such as the fragmentation of existing legislation, the duplication of legal norms, and the dualism inherent in the legal status of information service heads (press secretaries). During the study, a comparative legal analysis was conducted involving international ISO/IEC 27001 standards and the norms of the CIS Model Code. The article puts forward scientific and legal proposals aimed at strengthening the hierarchical position of information services, prohibiting the imposition of additional duties outside their functional scope, and implementing professional codes of ethics. In conclusion, the author substantiates that the codification process is essential for ensuring transparency in public administration and guaranteeing citizens' rights to access information.

THE HUMANISTIC ESSENCE OF THE CONCEPTS OF LOVE IN THE TEACHINGS OF MIRZO ABDULQODIR BEDIL

2026-04-24T16:55:55+00:00

This article analyzes the humanistic significance of love and affection in the teachings of Mirzo Abdulqadir Bedil. The author highlights the humanistic and philanthropic aspects of the concept of love in Bedil’s philosophy, as well as its importance for spiritual purification, moral perfection, and the process of personal development. Additionally, the article illustrates the role of human love in shaping humanitarian values such as compassion, benevolence, and social harmony.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LAW “ON TRANSITION TO UZBEK ORTHOGRAPHY BASED ON LATIN SCRIPT” DURING THE YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE

2026-04-10T02:18:52+00:00

This article examines the significance of implementing the law “On the Transition to the Uzbek Orthography Based on the Latin Script” during the years of independence in the political and social life of Uzbekistan. It also analyzes the existing problems of that period and the solutions to address them.

HISTORICAL-PHILOSOPHICAL BASIS OF TEACHING YOUTH CRAFTS

2026-04-13T02:09:54+00:00

This article examines the role of crafts in the history of the peoples of the East from a socio-philosophical perspective. The advantages of crafts in social relations, economic and spiritual life of society are of great importance. This, in turn, reveals the necessity of national craft traditions for the development of society.

INFORMATION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL THREATS IN SOCIO-POLITICAL PROCESSES AND THE PROBLEMS OF ENSURING SPIRITUAL SECURITY

2026-04-23T10:39:22+00:00

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms underlying the formation of information-psychological threats in socio-political processes and their systemic impact on spiritual security. The study employs a conceptual-analytical approach, comparative analysis, and media discourse analysis of open sources. The findings identify the typology of threats, channels of influence, and factors affecting societal resilience. Furthermore, the effectiveness of institutional and preventive mechanisms aimed at ensuring spiritual security is theoretically substantiated.

UZBEKISTAN - PAKISTAN: ENDURING FRIENDSHIP AND STABLE COOPERATION

2026-04-26T16:11:00+00:00

This article analyzes the long-standing friendship and cooperation between Uzbekistan and Pakistan. The author has highlighted Uzbekistan's cooperation with Pakistan based on historical roots, expansion of multifaceted and mutually beneficial relations, intergovernmental relations, and mutual trade relations. At the same time, he has also considered promising projects and plans for the further development of these relations in the future. The article also makes effective use of the National Archive Funds of Uzbekistan, information from the National Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan, periodical press materials, and official websites of ministries.

THE SOCIAL STATUS OF WOMEN IN TURKESTAN SOCIETY (based on the reports of K.K. Palen's senatorial audit. 1908-1909)

2026-04-12T16:20:45+00:00

The given article deals with the problems of significance and the role of the woman-Moslem, social status of the woman in Turkestan on the materials of the auditing of the senator K.K.Palen.

INSTITUTE OF EXECUTIVE LETTER IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN: PROBLEM, CONSIDERATION AND PROPOSAL

2026-04-17T04:40:47+00:00

This article analyzes the legal nature of the institution of the writ of execution (notarial executive endorsement) in the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the existing problems in law enforcement practice, and possible ways to address them. Functional ambiguities between a court order and a notarial writ of execution, as well as the limited scope of legal enforcement measures related to writs of execution, are examined as pressing practical issues. The article also explores the challenges of ensuring legal safeguards in the application of electronic writs of execution in the context of digitalization. Specific proposals for improving the legislation are put forward. The author substantiates the necessity of reforming the current system.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS CHARACTERISTIC OF THE HEAD OF STATE AND RULER IN THE WORK “MUQADDIMAH”

2026-04-24T11:29:43+00:00

This article analyzes the symbols and characteristics associated with a state leader and ruler described in the work Ibn Khaldun, Muqaddimah. The study examines the political, social, and spiritual meanings of these symbols and their role in the system of state governance. Special attention is given to the qualities of the ruler and the importance of symbols of authority in ensuring political legitimacy and stability in society.

WEDDING CEREMONIES OF IRANIANS IN UZBEKISTAN

2026-04-28T13:46:58+00:00

This article studies the traditional wedding ceremonies and customs of Iranians living in Uzbekistan. It provides detailed information about the family values of Iranians, their attitude to marriage, and the specific aspects of the wedding preparation process, including choosing a bride, exchanging wedding rings, the main stages of the wedding, traditional dishes and dances. It also analyzes the changes and preserved parts of these ceremonies in modern conditions. The main purpose of the article is to scientifically study and convey to future generations the wedding traditions of Iranians, which are an integral part of the multinational culture of Uzbekistan.

THE ROLE OF CONVERTIBLE LOAN AGREEMENTS IN BUSINESS FINANCING AND THEIR LEGAL REGULATION

2026-04-09T19:57:03+00:00

This article explores the legal nature of the Convertible Loan Agreement (CLA)—an innovative financing tool for startups—and the issues surrounding its implementation into the legislation of Uzbekistan. The primary objective of the study is to elucidate the theoretical and practical aspects of this "hybrid" institute, which emerges at the intersection of the law of obligations and corporate law. The article provides a detailed analysis of three fundamental elements that distinguish a CLA from a traditional loan: the conversion trigger, the valuation cap (deferred valuation mechanism), and the investor’s special non-proprietary powers. Interpreting the CLA based on the German legal concept of Gestaltungsrecht (transformative right), the author argues that it should be viewed not as a simple debt, but as an agreement for deferred corporate participation. The study compares the experiences of the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Russia, while also examining critical norms for the startup ecosystem within EU Regulation 2017/1129 and Directive 2017/1132. As a scientific novelty, the article advocates for the introduction of the "Specific Performance" institute to guarantee the execution of CLAs in Uzbekistan’s legal system, emphasizes the importance of the "Most Favored Nation" (MFN) clause, and analyzes corporate restrictions in the assignment of rights process. In conclusion, the author provides specific proposals for improving the Civil Code and corporate legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, particularly by recognizing the CLA as a "mixed contract" and reducing bureaucratic barriers in the conversion process.

THE THEORY OF HUMAN COGNITION AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES

2026-04-12T17:19:35+00:00

This article discusses the results obtained in the sciences of artificial intelligence in the process of human cognition from an epistemological and epistemological perspective, the emotions of the individual, self-reflection, moral aspects of creative activity, human existence, the inextricable connection between human mental decision-making and the nature and status of human intelligence. The heuristic nature of the use of artificial intelligence in the formation of the initial spiritual and moral image of man, values in the theory of human cognition and artificial intelligence technologies, and scientific and technological development are revealed.

FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF SOCIAL PROTECTION BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN AND AUSTRIA AND SWITZERLAND

2026-04-23T10:14:40+00:00

This article analyzes the role of international cooperation in the development of social protection and healthcare systems in the Republic of Uzbekistan, particularly its relations with the Republic of Austria and the Swiss Confederation. The mechanisms for supporting the social sector through international credit agreements, investments, and humanitarian aid are examined.

The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the economic and socio-humanitarian aspects of cooperation with Austria and Switzerland are analyzed in an integrated manner, with particular emphasis on their practical outcomes in the fields of medicine and pharmaceuticals.

The results show that the provision of medicines, modern medical equipment, and humanitarian assistance within the framework of international cooperation has contributed to strengthening the healthcare system and improving public health, especially in environmentally vulnerable regions.

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN THE SURKHANDARYA REGION AND THE FORMATION OF PROCESSES OF NATIONAL IDENTITY AWARENESS

2026-04-26T15:56:43+00:00

This scientific article is devoted to studying the essence, specific features and prospects of the processes of national identity awareness through the education system in Surkhandarya region. The article analyzes the ways of harmonizing national values and global outlook in educational institutions, taking into account the historical, geographical, cultural and ethnodemographic aspects of the region. The results of the study show that an integrated approach designed to develop national identity awareness at all stages of education in Surkhandarya region gives effective results. The article uses scientific and analytical methods and analyzes the results of surveys and observations conducted in educational institutions in different districts of the region.

THE CATEGORY OF “CULTURAL PLURALISM” IN THE SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECT

2026-04-12T16:04:37+00:00

This article examines the category of “cultural pluralism” as a fundamental object of socio-philosophical analysis. The author explores the transition from monocultural social models to pluralistic ones, analyzing the mechanisms of interaction between various ethnic, religious, and social groups. Special attention is paid to the dilemma between preserving a unique cultural identity and the necessity of social integration in the context of globalization. Cultural pluralism is interpreted not merely as the coexistence of differences but as an active strategy for social dialogue.

THE PRACTICE OF USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CIVIL PROCEDURE IN COUNTRIES OF THE CONTINENTAL LEGAL SYSTEM

2026-04-17T04:04:18+00:00

This article analyzes the historical development of the continental (Romano-Germanic) legal system, its main characteristics, and the role of civil procedural law within this system. It substantiates that the codified nature of continental law, the strict hierarchy of legal sources, the systematic division of law into branches, and the subsidiary role of judicial precedent serve as key factors ensuring legal certainty and stability in civil proceedings. Within the framework of the “active process” concept inherent in the continental model, the article examines the court’s role in case preparation, evidence gathering, and fact-finding, as well as the limitation of judicial discretion by law and its impact on fair trial guarantees.

THE REFLECTION OF POLITICAL RELATIONS IN “MAOSIR AL-MULUK”: A HISTORICAL-THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND SCIENTIFIC APPROACH AS A SOURCE”

2026-04-24T10:21:46+00:00

This article presents a historical and theoretical analysis of political relations reflected in the work “Maosir al-muluk.”It examines interactions among rulers, principles of governance, and distinctive features of diplomatic relations described in the text.The study also evaluates the scholarly significance of the source, its role in the development of Eastern political thought, and its reliability in portraying historical events.The paper concludes that the work serves as an important source for the study of political history.

JAPAN — A PIONEER IN ESTABLISHING THE “CENTRAL ASIA PLUS” FORMAT

2026-04-27T16:07:10+00:00

The article examines the prerequisites for the formation and development of the multilateral cooperation format “Central Asia + Japan.” It analyzes the main stages of political dialogue between Japan and the Central Asian states, from the establishment of diplomatic relations in the early 1990s to the institutionalization of regular multilateral interaction.

Particular attention is given to the conceptual foundations of Japan’s policy in the region, as well as to the factors that contributed to the intensification of cooperation, including regional security issues, energy diversification, and geopolitical dynamics. The article also explores key dialogue mechanisms, economic, infrastructure, and humanitarian cooperation, and the role of official development assistance in strengthening Japan’s position in the region. The impact of regional political transformations on the development of this format is also highlighted.

It is emphasized that the first summit of Central Asian and Japanese leaders in 2025 marked an important step in institutionalizing strategic partnership and elevated cooperation to a new level.

INTERPRETATION OF NATURAL ELEMENTS IN ANCIENT RELIGIOUS BELIEFS

2026-04-12T17:05:10+00:00

This article presents ethnographic perspectives related to natural elements in shamanism, one of the ancient religious beliefs, as well as in its ritual attributes. It examines the nature-related aspects of shamanistic beliefs and highlights transformations in the ritual tools used by traditional healers (tabibs and bakhshis) operating in the Fergana Valley (whip, ash, water, fire, human hair, etc.).

ANALYSIS OF STUDIES CONDUCTED DURING THE SOVIET PERIOD ON THE ISSUE OF THE IMPACT OF TRANSCONTINENTAL ROUTES ON ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL PROCESSES IN CENTRAL ASIA

2026-04-21T05:34:15+00:00

In the article, the research carried out during the Soviet period on the question of the influence of transcontinental roads on economic and social processes in Central Asia, including V. Bartold, E. M. Masson, A. A. Ierusalimskaya, A. M. Belenitsky, O. I. Smirnova, N. V. Dyakonova, A. N. Bernstam, A. Yu. Yakubovsky, Yu. A. Zuev, B. G'. Gafurov, S.G. Klyashtornyi, V.A. Livshits, P.N. Kojemyako, A.S. Amanjolov, B.I. Marshak, V.I. Raspopova, Yu.A. Zadneprovsky, L.R. Kyzlasov, B.A. Litvinsky, A.G. Malyavkin The data presented in the works of such scientists as, V.P. Mokrynin, E.V. Shavkunov, A.A. Borisov, A. Yazberdyev, L. I. Chuguevskii, A. A. Romaskevich and I. Yu. Krachkovskii were analyzed.

GEOPOLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ENERGY RESOURCES AND TRANSPORTATION ROUTES IN THE GEO-ENERGY SPACE OF THE NEAR EAST

2026-04-26T10:46:20+00:00

This scientific article analyzes the geopolitical significance of energy resources and transport corridors in the geo-energy space of the Middle East. The study examines the reserves of energy resources, such as natural gas and oil, in the countries of the region, their territorial distribution, and their role in the global energy market. In addition, the importance of strategic transport corridors, including seas, maritime straits, and pipeline systems, which play a crucial role in supplying energy resources to world markets, is explored. The article also analyzes the impact of control over energy resources and the security of transport routes on regional and global geopolitical processes. The results of the study help to highlight the strategic role of the Middle East in global energy security and international political relations.

ARTICLE TITLE: THE PHILOSOPHICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SPIRITUAL AND MORAL VALUES IN ENSURING SOCIAL STABILITY AND SECURITY

2026-04-12T15:52:06+00:00

This article analyzes the role of spiritual and moral values in social life and their philosophical and methodological importance in ensuring social stability and security. The author emphasizes the necessity of fostering qualities such as stability, tolerance, and unity in human consciousness through the system of spirituality and ethics. Furthermore, the paper discusses the harmony between national and universal values, their role in youth education, and their interconnection with social security.

TASKS FOR ENHANCING THE SCIENTIFIC AND INTELLECTUAL EFFECTIVENESS OF MASS CULTURAL EVENTS AT A NEW STAGE OF SOCIETAL DEVELOPMENT

2026-04-16T04:34:09+00:00

This article analyzes the main tasks for enhancing the scientific and intellectual impact of mass cultural events at a new stage of societal development. These events play an important role in the process of cultural, social, and spiritual renewal of society. The article examines the characteristics of holidays and events, intellectual propaganda, mass media, and mechanisms for the effective organization of events. In addition, it outlines contemporary conditions, challenges, and ways to address them in order to achieve the stated objectives. The aim of the article is to develop recommendations that have both scientific significance and practical value.

THE THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE QUR’AN AND HADITH

2026-04-24T06:08:26+00:00

This article investigates intertextual relations between Qur’anic verses and hadith texts as mechanisms of meaning transfer, recontextualization, and pragmatic expansion. An intertextual approach does not treat hadith merely as “proof-texts” but as an explanatory discourse that operationalizes Qur’anic principles into ethical guidance, normative boundaries, and communal practice. The study proposes a three-layer method: (1) lexical-semantic alignment (keywords, formulas, recurring rhetorical patterns), (2) thematic-narrative parallels (values, motifs, devotion and social conduct), and (3) pragmatic function (moral instruction, legal norm-setting, spiritual consolation) followed by contextual comparison. A structured verse–hadith table demonstrates distinct link types: explicit reference, implicit echo, thematic parallel, and normative recontextualization. Findings indicate that hadith frequently specifies general Qur’anic statements, provides practical criteria for application, and clarifies normative scope. Methodological caution is emphasized: intertextual resonance does not automatically imply direct borrowing; similarities can arise from shared conceptual fields within the broader Islamic discourse. Therefore, intertextual reading should be integrated with classical hadith scholarship—especially isnād evaluation and matn criticism—to strengthen academic reliability. The article contributes a replicable framework for mapping intertextual ties across foundational Islamic texts and for enhancing systematic interpretation in tafsīr and hadith commentary.

THE THEOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF ALISHER NAVAIY’S PHILOSOPHICAL HERITAGE

2026-04-27T15:40:26+00:00

This article is devoted to an analytical study of the theological foundations of the philosophical views of Amir Alisher Nizamiddin Navoi. However, the fact that the socio-spiritual environment of the era in which the thinker lived was based on high spirituality formed on the basis of the Islamic religion determined the essence of his philosophical heritage. Ideologies of various periods also played an important role in the study of Alisher Navoi’s spiritual heritage. In his heritage, the view that the universe, man, and all other beings appear, live (exist) and disappear by the will of Allah is given priority, and only eternal, absolute existence is inherent in Allah. However, since religion and related concepts were condemned in the Soviet ideology, the chapters related to theology, which formed the spiritual basis of the thinker's works, were limited or shortened, and their true content was interpreted differently. The article analyzes and concludes the essence of the deep philosophical views reflected in the thinker's works through direct and vivid examples.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROCESSES IN THE TRADE SECTOR: A HISTORICAL APPROACH

2026-04-12T16:41:49+00:00

This article examines socio-economic processes in the trade sector from a historical perspective. It explores the formation and development stages of trade relations and their role in the economic life of society. Based on archival documents, statistical data, and periodical sources, the study analyzes transformations in the trade system and their social implications. Particular attention is paid to the reinterpretation of these processes during the independence period using new methodological approaches.

THE HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL ROOTS OF REGIONAL COOPERATION IN CENTRAL ASIA AND ITS MODERN INTERPRETATION

2026-04-21T04:43:47+00:00

This article examines the historical and philosophical foundations of regional cooperation in Central Asia, as well as its modern interpretation. The study reveals the essence of integration processes shaped by ancient civilizations of the region, interactions during the Great Silk Road period, and long-standing traditions of cultural and scientific cooperation. Furthermore, the paper analyzes a new stage of cooperation among Central Asian states in the post-independence era, highlighting its political, economic, and social dimensions from a philosophical perspective. The author substantiates the importance of shared history, culture, and values in strengthening regional cooperation.

THE “GREAT GAME” IN 19TH-CENTURY CENTRAL ASIA: GEOPOLITICAL RIVALRY AND IMPERIAL STRATEGY

2026-04-24T17:19:49+00:00

This study examines the strategic rivalry between the Russian and British Empires in Central Asia during the 19th century “Great Game.” It explores the political, economic, and military conditions of local khanates, as well as intelligence activities and diplomatic relations. The research is based on historical sources, ambassadorial letters, and expedition reports. The topic is relevant not only historically but also for contemporary geopolitical analysis. The findings provide insights into imperial policies and the dynamics of regional power relations.

YOUTH SUPPORT POLICY IN UZBEKISTAN DURING THE INITIAL STAGE OF INDEPENDENCE: LEGISLATIVE FOUNDATIONS AND INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS

2026-04-10T02:25:56+00:00

The article analyzes the legal foundations of youth support in the Republic of Uzbekistan during the initial stage of independence, as well as the practical mechanisms formed through state and public institutions and the stages of their development. It examines the regulatory framework of state youth policy in 1991-1999, the social protection of young people, the encouragement of talented youth, and measures aimed at strengthening entrepreneurship and vocational training. The study concludes that youth policy evolved from a general protection model into a targeted system focused on the development of human capital.

THE “TALIBAN” FACTOR IN THE MODERN FOREIGN POLICY OF INDIA: INTERESTS AND THREATS

2026-04-13T03:18:22+00:00

This article is devoted to the analysis of the role and significance of the Taliban factor in India's modern foreign policy. The article also examines how the Taliban's rise to power in Afghanistan has affected India's regional political strategy, as well as the political, economic, and security interests associated with this process. The article analyzes India's approaches to maintaining cooperation with Afghanistan, ensuring regional stability, and combating the threats of terrorism and extremism. The possibilities and threats created by the "Taliban" factor in India's foreign policy are also scientifically illuminated. The results of the study reveal India's pragmatic and cautious foreign policy towards Afghanistan and its role in regional geopolitical processes.

THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL COOPERATION BETWEEN UZBEKISTAN AND THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT DURING THE YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE

2026-04-24T04:17:01+00:00

During the years of independence, the establishment of scientific and educational ties between Uzbekistan and Egypt included the creation of a legal framework and the development of cooperation between the public and higher education systems of the two countries.

ACTIVITIES OF MEDICAL COLLEGES IN THE FERGANA VALLEY REGIONS IN THE 1980s

2026-04-26T16:41:57+00:00

This article analyzes the activities of secondary specialized medical educational institutions in the Uzbek SSR in the 1980s based on archival materials. In particular, using the annual reports of the Namangan Medical College, Fergana City Medical College, and Kokand Medical College, the study examines their educational and material base, admission policies, staff composition, educational process, practical training, and воспитательная (educational) work. The findings show that these institutions played an important role in training mid-level specialists for the healthcare system during the Soviet period. However, insufficient material and technical resources, certain challenges in organizing practical training, and outdated curricula limited the quality of education.

THE INTEGRATION OF SOCIAL KNOWLEDGE: PHILOSOPHICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS

2026-04-12T16:26:43+00:00

This article provides a philosophical and methodological analysis of the integration of social knowledge. It substantiates the growing importance of interdisciplinary approaches in the context of globalization and increasing complexity of social processes. The integration of social knowledge is considered a key factor in achieving a comprehensive understanding of society, forming scientific truth, and improving social practice.

INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF COLLEGAL GOVERNANCE IN TURKESTAN: ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE GENERAL GOVERNOR’S COUNCIL'S ACTIVITIES (1887-1917)

2026-04-17T05:11:44+00:00

The article examines the process of transformation of the state governance system in the Turkestan Governor-Generalship in the second half of the 19th century. The transition from a model of sole authority to the implementation of collegial principles through the establishment of the Turkestan Governor-General's Council is analyzed. Based on archival materials, the legal prerequisites for the 1886 reform, the functional responsibilities, and the structural features of the new government body are revealed.

THE IMPORTANCE OF ANCESTRAL SPIRITUAL HERITAGE IN CHILD UPBRINGING

2026-04-24T12:24:57+00:00

This article analyzes the importance of the spiritual heritage of ancestors in the upbringing of children within the family. The author highlights the influence of national traditions, customs, and educational ideas of Eastern thinkers on the spiritual development of the younger generation. The article also discusses the role of ancestral spiritual heritage in forming such qualities in children as humanism, kindness, and patriotism.

THE HEURISTIC FUNCTION OF SYNCRETIC PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT IN RECONCEPTION OF SOCIAL PROCESSES

2026-04-28T15:01:34+00:00

The article analyzes the heuristic significance of syncretic philosophical thinking in reconceptualization of social processes. The complex and multifaceted nature of modern social reality indicates the limitations of traditional approaches in this area. From this point of view, syncretic thinking is interpreted as an approach that generates new content and conceptual understandings based on their interaction, not just a collection of various forms of knowledge. The article reveals the functional and projective manifestations of syncretism and substantiates its role in the formation of new ideas in the context of social transformations. Also, it is emphasized that syncretic philosophical thinking is an important methodological tool in the development of a deeper understanding of social reality and promising theoretical approaches.

ELEMENTS OF THE THEORETICAL MODEL OF RESTRICTION OF THE RIGHT TO PERSONAL INVIOLABILITY IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS

2026-04-10T02:12:00+00:00

This article analyzes the legal nature of restriction of the right to personal inviolability in criminal proceedings and the main elements that make up its theoretical model. During the study, the fundamental principles of restriction of the right to personal inviolability, such as legality, necessity and proportionality, are considered as components of the theoretical model. The author emphasizes the role of judicial control in ensuring a balance between state interests (security and justice) and individual rights in criminal proceedings. The article systematizes legal grounds, procedural guarantees and limits of restriction as elements of the theoretical model of restriction of personal inviolability.

THE SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL NECESSITY OF FORMING YOUTH PHILOSOPHICAL WORLDVIEW IN THE ERA OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

2026-04-13T01:45:10+00:00

This article analyzes the socio-philosophical necessity of forming a philosophical worldview among young people in the context of the rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies. The study examines the new model of thinking emerging in the digital society, the influence of the technological environment on human cognitive processes, and the problems of developing information culture among youth.

ISSUES OF COMBATING CORRUPTION IN THE CIVIL SERVICE

2026-04-23T10:21:38+00:00

This article examines the measures being implemented in our country to combat corruption, with particular attention to the specific features of legislation aimed at preventing corruption in the civil service. It also analyzes measures to foster an uncompromising attitude toward corruption among civil servants, as well as the opinions and views expressed by local and foreign scholars.

FACTORS ENSURING FAMILY STABILITY

2026-04-26T16:03:56+00:00

This article discusses the role and impact of women in ensuring family stability. In particular, it analyzes the opportunities aimed at supporting the institution of the family in Uzbekistan.