Oriental Journal of History, Politics and Law

SPOUSES’ MAINTENANCE OBLIGATIONS: LEGAL ESSENCE, MECHANISM, AND DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT

2026-06-15T16:20:15+00:00

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal nature of alimony obligations between spouses, the grounds for their emergence, and the procedures and conditions established by the Family Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The author examines the spouses’ duty of mutual material support, the voluntary and judicial mechanisms of alimony recovery, the alimony rights of former spouses, and the legal consequences of failure to fulfil the obligation. Certain problems of judicial practice are highlighted, and scientific and practical proposals for improving family legislation are formulated.

THE EVOLUTION OF ETHICAL THOUGHT IN THE ERA OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH

2026-06-08T17:24:03+00:00

This article analyzes the evolution of moral thinking in the age of artificial intelligence from philosophical, social, and axiological perspectives. It examines how digital technologies influence decision-making culture, the understanding of responsibility, the criteria of justice and transparency, and the individual’s spiritual and moral self-position. Artificial intelligence is interpreted not merely as a technical instrument but as a civilizational phenomenon that reorganizes humanity’s moral choices. The article highlights issues of algorithmic decision-making, data ethics, human oversight, digital subjectivity, responsibility, and social trust in connection with the historical development of ethical consciousness.

FEATURES OF THEMATIC STUDIES ON THE EMERGENCE AND GENESIS OF ISLAM IN AFGHANISTAN

2026-06-16T18:06:15+00:00

This article examines the specific features of the genesis of Islam in Afghanistan and its coexistence with the state apparatus under the prevailing influences of Pashtun nationalism and tribalism.

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MALAYSIA’S POLICY OF ATTRACTING FOREIGN INVESTMENT TO SMALL BUSINESS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR ITS APPLICATION IN UZBEKISTAN

2026-06-13T05:53:59+00:00

This article analyzes the historical formation, development stages, and possibilities of applying Malaysia’s policy of attracting foreign investment to small business in the context of Uzbekistan. The study examines Malaysia’s post-independence path of economic development, industrialization policy, establishment of free economic zones, export-oriented production, inflow of foreign capital, and mechanisms of investment cooperation with local small and medium-sized enterprises. Special attention is paid to the integration of small businesses into international production chains, the strengthening of technology transfer, and the enhancement of local entrepreneurial capacity. The article substantiates the significance of Malaysia’s historical experience for the economy of Uzbekistan, particularly in attracting foreign investment to small business, developing industrial zones, expanding export potential, and supporting local business entities in entering international markets.

PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SOCIAL STATE: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES

2026-06-16T04:05:09+00:00

This article discusses the protection of human rights in the context of a social state, international experiences, and innovative strategies. The study examines the essence of the social state based on classical and modern scientific approaches. It also highlights the functional role of the state in ensuring human rights. Moreover, the experiences of European, North American, and Asian countries are comparatively analyzed to identify effective strategies for the protection of human rights.

CYBERSECURITY AND HUMAN DIGNITY: A PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF ETHICAL ISSUES IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION

2026-06-10T06:30:39+00:00

This article analyzes the philosophical and ethical dimensions of the complex relationship between cybersecurity and human dignity in the context of accelerating digital transformation processes. In the 21st century, the widespread integration of information and communication technologies into all spheres of life has generated new interpretations of human freedom, privacy, information security, and human rights. The study examines the philosophical evolution of the concept of human dignity, the ethical foundations of cybersecurity policies, and the impact of digital surveillance on human rights. It also explores the effects of artificial intelligence, Big Data, algorithmic governance, and cyber-surveillance systems on human autonomy and freedom. The findings indicate that maintaining a balance between ensuring cybersecurity and protecting human dignity is one of the central ethical challenges of the digital society. Addressing this challenge requires the development of human-centered technologies, the strengthening of ethical governance principles, and the improvement of legal mechanisms.

CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF TRANSNATIONAL CRIME

2026-06-16T02:44:05+00:00

This article scientifically analyzes the causes of the emergence of transnational crime, its modern manifestations, and its negative consequences for society and state security. The role of transnational threats such as international terrorism, illegal migration, human trafficking, drug smuggling, cybercrime, and financial crimes in the process of globalization is highlighted. In addition, economic inequality, political instability, corruption, and the development of information technologies are assessed as the main factors contributing to the growth of transnational crime. The study substantiates the importance of international cooperation, legal mechanisms, and security policy in preventing such crimes.

ON THE INTERPRETATION OF DEMOCRACY IN THE HISTORY OF NATIONAL THINKING

2026-06-10T04:18:12+00:00

This article examines the interpretation of democracy in the history of national thought, analyzes the content of the idea of democracy in modern society, and reveals the historical development of the democratic idea in contemporary social contexts. It also explores the historical evolution, transformation, and outcomes of the concept of democracy in the present day, as well as identifies the impact of these developments and transformations on social and cultural processes. Based on the findings, proposals and recommendations have been developed to enhance understanding of the historical development and transformation of the idea of democracy in modern society and its influence on contemporary social and cultural dynamics.

IMPROVING SERVICE CULTURE STANDARDS AS A BASIS FOR ENHANCING THE MORAL CHARACTER OF CIVIL SERVANTS

2026-06-16T02:34:47+00:00

This article analyzes the philosophical and practical foundations of improving service culture standards in the activities of civil servants. The ontological, epistemological, axiological, and sociocultural dimensions of service culture are examined through a comparative analysis of Eastern and Western philosophical traditions. The study also highlights international experiences in developing service culture, ongoing reforms in Uzbekistan, and their significance in enhancing the moral character of civil servants. As a result of the research, a model for evaluating service culture based on

ABOUT TURKESTAN AUTONOMY

2026-06-10T04:04:52+00:00

The article is devoted to the historical analysis of the Turkestan Autonomy, proclaimed on November 26–28, 1917, at the IV All-Turkestan Congress of Muslims in Kokand. It examines the circumstances of its establishment, the structure of its government, main objectives (democratization of governance, interethnic equality, reforms in the judicial, financial, and educational systems), as well as the reasons for its suppression after only 72 days by Red Army forces in February 1918. The Autonomy is evaluated as a significant milestone in the national awakening of the Turkestan peoples and their first serious attempt to establish a national state, despite its tragic end.

DIFFERENTIATION OF POPULATION INCOME AND SOCIAL STABILITY: THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF THE “Middle Class”

2026-06-17T02:09:37+00:00

This article discusses the role and significance of the middle class in terms of income differentiation and social stability. By analyzing the middle class from an economic, sociological, political, and pedagogical perspective, this study demonstrates the mechanisms by which this stratum mitigates systemic crises, supports domestic consumption demand, finances important social goods, and accelerates the accumulation of human capital.

SCIENTISTS FROM TIRMIDH MENTIONED IN «FASL UL-KHITAB» BY KHOJA MUHAMMAD PORSO

2026-06-15T16:14:02+00:00

The article explores the reflection of the scholarly heritage of Tirmidh scientists in the famous work "Fasl ul-Khitab bi-Wusuli-l-Ahbab" by Khoja Muhammad Porso (1349–1420), a prominent theorist and leading figure of the Naqshbandiyya Sufi order. From a source-critical perspective, the study analyzes how the author utilized the works and Hadiths of the great scholars of Tirmidh – Imam al-Tirmidhi, Hakim al-Tirmidhi, and Muhammad ibn Hamid al-Tirmidhi – to resolve complex theological (aqidah) and Sufi issues. Specifically, the paper examines the high esteem given to the personalities of Hakim al-Tirmidhi and Muhammad ibn Hamid al-Tirmidhi in "Fasl ul-Khitab", clarifying the substance of the narrated Hadiths, spiritual insights, and aphorisms attributed to them. The article is of significant academic value for understanding the profound interconnectedness among the scholarly schools of Mawarannahr and the monumental contribution of Central Asian sages to the evolution of Islamic thought.

THE SECURITY ARCHITECTURE OF CENTRAL ASIA: FORMATION AND EVOLUTION

2026-06-16T04:10:41+00:00

This article examines the theoretical foundations of the concept of regional security, its role in the contemporary system of international relations, and the current challenges of ensuring security in the Central Asian region. The study analyzes the impact of traditional and non-traditional security threats, geopolitical competition, transnational crime, terrorism, extremism, environmental issues, and water resource-related challenges on regional stability. In addition, the role of regional cooperation institutions and international organizations in strengthening security is assessed from a scientific perspective. The findings demonstrate that an effective model of regional security should be based on interstate trust, political dialogue, economic integration, and the coordinated functioning of collective security mechanisms.

CHANGES IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION AND ENLIGHTENMENT OF THE PEOPLES OF CENTRAL ASIA IN THE 19TH–20TH CENTURIES AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CROSS-CULTURAL RELATIONS

2026-06-11T15:58:10+00:00

This article explores the transformations in education and enlightenment among the peoples of Central Asia during the 19th and 20th centuries, as well as their impact on cross-cultural development from a philosophical and cultural perspective. The study analyzes the process of interaction and synthesis between European science, culture, and enlightenment ideas and local national culture, traditions, and values in the works of enlightening thinkers like Ahmad Donish.

PREVENTION OF VIOLENCE AND ABUSE AGAINST CHILDREN AND WOMEN

2026-06-16T03:59:10+00:00

This article discusses the prevention of violence and abuse against women and children. Violence and abuse against women and children is one of the most serious structural problems of our time, undermining social cohesion, human rights, and public health systems worldwide. Using an integrated socio-ecological model, the article examines how macro-social structures, institutional gaps, and cultural paradigms reinforce the vulnerability of vulnerable groups.

EVOLUTION OF THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF CHILD RIGHTS PROTECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION

2026-06-10T04:24:10+00:00

The article examines the evolution of the theory and practice of children’s rights protection in the context of digitalization. It analyzes the development of international legal standards for the protection of children’s rights, начиная with the Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child of 1924 and ending with contemporary international instruments regulating the digital environment. Particular attention is paid to the impact of information and communication technologies and the Internet on the realization of children’s rights, as well as to new risks associated with the digital environment, including cyberviolence, online exploitation, violations of personal data privacy, and digital inequality. The article considers the transformation of the classical theory of children’s rights and the emergence of the concept of children’s digital rights. It also explores the role of international organizations in shaping modern international standards for the protection of children’s rights in the digital era. The study concludes that international practice is shifting from a reactive model of protection toward a proactive and comprehensive approach based on the principle of “child rights by design.”

INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE RELATED TO CLAY IN CRAFTSMANSHIP

2026-06-16T02:39:26+00:00

This article highlights the types of intangible cultural heritage associated with craftsmanship and tandoori making. It discusses the history of pottery, the intangible cultural heritage associated with clay, and the preservation and transformation processes of values and unique traditions passed down from generation to generation.

SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

2026-06-10T04:10:44+00:00

This article provides a sociological analysis of the content, objectives, and practical significance of the support system for persons with disabilities. Issues regarding the ensuring of equal participation of persons with disabilities in society, their social protection, employment, education, and healthcare are examined through the lens of various sociological theories. Furthermore, the article analyzes programs developed on the basis of state policy and legislation, social services, and the role of non-governmental organizations in this field. Based on advanced international experiences, recommendations are provided for improving the existing system.

FERGANA DISTRICT: GIS ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL-CULTURAL HERITAGE AND TOURISM POTENTIAL

2026-06-17T17:21:50+00:00

This article analyzes the historical formation of Fergana district, the tangible and intangible cultural heritage objects of the region, and their tourism potential based on historical sources, current archival documents, and GIS technologies. During the research, the locations of archaeological, architectural, and pilgrimage sites in Fergana district were mapped using the Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) method. The analysis revealed that historical objects are mainly concentrated around ancient settlements, pilgrimage sites, and trade routes. Furthermore, the territories of Shohimardon, Vodil, Avval, and Log‘on were identified as historical-tourism clusters. The article also highlights the prospects for integrating cultural heritage sites with tourism infrastructure.