Oriental Journal of History, Politics and Law

THE JADID MOVEMENT: THE FORMATION OF LEGAL AND DEMOCRATIC IDEAS AND THEIR HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Farmon Hayotov — 2026-09-10

This article examines the emergence of the Jadid movement, which developed in Turkestan in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, its main goals and ideas, as well as the legal and democratic views of the Jadids. The article analyzes the Jadids’ views on enlightenment, education, freedom of speech and thought, human dignity, equality, justice, and the rule of law. It also examines the views of such representatives of the Jadid movement as Mahmudkhoja Behbudi, Abdulla Avloni, Abdurauf Fitrat, and Munavvarkori Abdurashidkhanov on society and state governance. Particular attention is paid to the historical significance of the Jadid movement in the development of educational, socio-political, and legal thought in Turkestan and to the substantive connections between certain Jadid ideas and contemporary legal and democratic values.

STATE POLICY ON BUILDING AN INCLUSIVE SOCIETY IN UZBEKISTAN: LEGAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS

Madina Aliyevna Choriyeva — 2026-09-06

The article analyses the state policy on building an inclusive society in Uzbekistan in its legal and social dimensions. Inclusiveness is interpreted not as charity but as a principle of securing equal opportunities. The 2023 Constitution, legislation on the rights of persons with disabilities, gender equality and education are compared with the requirements of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Practice in inclusive education, employment and physical accessibility is summarised. Four systemic problems are identified — fragmented statistics, non-compliance with accessibility standards, staff training, and unchanged social attitudes — and corresponding measures are proposed.

DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN ELECTRONIC PUBLIC SERVICES

Diyorbek Azatovich Abdullayev — 2026-09-11

This article analyzes the development trends of electronic public services and their significance in modern public administration. It examines the emergence of new forms of interaction between the state and citizens resulting from the development of electronic public services, as well as the processes of remote public service delivery, the use of mobile technologies, service integration, and the introduction of proactive services. In addition, artificial intelligence, digital identification, open data, and data-driven governance are analyzed as promising areas for the further development of electronic public services. The article also examines the development of electronic public services in Uzbekistan and the existing challenges in this field and proposes measures to improve the efficiency, accessibility, and user-friendliness of public services.

EMPLOYMENT AND LABOR ISSUES IN BUKHARA REGION (2005–2007): AN ANALYSIS BASED ON DOCUMENTS FROM THE REGIONAL STATE ARCHIVES

Umidjon Khayrullayev — 2026-09-07

This article analyzes the implementation of employment policy in Bukhara Region in 2005–2007 based on documents from Fund No. 1459 of the Bukhara Regional State Archives. The study examines the dynamics of new job creation, the development of the home-based work (home labor) system, the employment process for graduates of vocational education institutions, regional disparities, and measures aimed at providing employment opportunities for socially vulnerable groups. The analysis shows that, during the period under review, employment programs generally exceeded their planned targets; however, significant disparities between regions and economic sectors remained.

THE PROBLEM OF TRANSFERRING AND MUSEALIZING MONUMENTAL WALL PAINTINGS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE EXPERIENCE OF THE VARAKHSHA AND PANJIKENT MONUMENTS

Nigora Sanjarovna Abdullayeva — 2026-09-11

This article examines the conservation of one of the most vulnerable categories of archaeological heritage—monumental wall paintings executed on clay plaster—through the case studies of Varakhsha and Panjikent. It comparatively analyses the reasons, methodology, and scholarly implications of the mid-twentieth-century practice of detaching wall paintings from their original setting and transferring them to museum collections. The study demonstrates that while this approach ensured the physical preservation of the paintings, it also resulted in the partial loss of their architectural and archaeological context. The article argues that in situ conservation should remain the preferred approach, with removal undertaken only when no viable alternative exists, and that comprehensive digital documentation should be an essential requirement in all cases.

LABOR MARKET TRANSFORMATION AND ITS IMPACT ON YOUTH CONSCIOUSNESS: A SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS

Ilkhom Mustafoyevich Rajabov — 2026-09-11

The article provides a socio-philosophical analysis of how labor-market transformation affects youth consciousness. Transformation is interpreted as the unity of objective changes in technology, employment forms, occupations and competencies, and subjective changes in labor values, professional motivation, identity and expectations about the future. The paper argues that artificial intelligence, automation, platform work and the accelerated renewal of skills create new requirements for young people’s professional agency.

DIGITAL BRANDING AND VISUAL COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR ATTRACTING THE YOUTH ELECTORATE IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERPARTY COMPETITION

Farrukh Akmalovich Elov — 2026-09-07

This article analyzes the strategies of political parties in engaging the youth electorate and their ideological transformation amid democratic reforms and the transition to a mixed (proportional-majoritary) electoral system in New Uzbekistan. The relevance of the study is determined by the high share of youth in the country’s demographic structure and the shift of traditional campaigning methods into the virtual environment. The systemic impact of digital branding and visual communication tools in the digital space — specifically targeted infographics, short-form videos (Reels, Shorts), and social media platforms (Telegram, Instagram, YouTube) — on the political culture and electoral activity of young people is examined from both theoretical-scientific and empirical perspectives. In the course of the research, a comparative and sociological content analysis of the digital platform assets of active political parties in Uzbekistan was conducted, uncovering the characteristics of subconscious and emotional (neuropolitical) perception among the younger generation. The article explores the ethical and legal criteria for utilizing information and communication technologies in an environment of inter-party competition. Furthermore, it develops practical recommendations for protecting voters from manipulative influences, fostering a culture of healthy political marketing in cyberspace, and enhancing the electoral attractiveness of party brands.

FUNCTIONAL PROPORTIONALITY OF STRATEGIC AND OPERATIONAL PLANNING

Hayot Nurullayev — 2026-09-11

This article provides a theoretical and practical analysis of the functional balance and mutual integration mechanisms between strategic and operational planning within the public administration system. Synthesizing key insights from global management paradigms, the author examines the operational distinctions and systemic linkages between policy formulation and execution. The institutional factors characterizing the transition from directive to indicative planning in post-Soviet governance models are thoroughly assessed. Drawing on public administration reforms in Uzbekistan, particularly the “Uzbekistan – 2030” Strategy, the paper articulates actionable scientific recommendations for cascading objectives, key performance indicators (KPIs), medium-term budgetary alignment, and strategic feedback loops.

POLISH ORPHANAGES AND SCHOOLS IN UZBEKISTAN DURING WORLD WAR II

T. I. Doroshenko — 2026-09-11

The article is devoted to the stay of Polish children in Uzbekistan during the Second World War. There were 22 Polish orphanages, 26 Polish shelters, and several Polish schools and kindergartens in the republic. Both local authorities and Polish organizations, such as Kompoldet and the Union of Polish Patriots, provided assistance in organizing education and food supplies.

ISSUES OF COTTON BREEDING, IRRIGATION, AND AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE SOURCES ON THE HISTORY OF COTTON PRODUCTION IN THE FERGANA VALLEY DURING THE SOVIET PERIOD

Mehriddin Yunusovich Haqqulov — 2026-09-07

Drawing on issues of the journal "Qishloq xo'jaligi Uzbekistana" ("Agriculture of Uzbekistan") published in 1957-1958, on specialised literature devoted to cotton breeding, and on the materials of a monograph concerned with the industrial history of Uzbekistan, the article examines the agrotechnical, irrigational, breeding-related and organisational transformations that occurred in the cotton sector of the Fergana, Andijan and Namangan regions. The quantitative data contained in these sources are systematised in chronological sequence.

THE CONCEPT OF ALIENATION OF IMMOVABLE PROPERTY AND ITS SPECIFIC FEATURES

Akmaljon Rakhimjonov — 2026-09-11

Based on an analysis of the civil legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, doctrinal sources, and judicial practice, the article examines the concept of alienation of immovable property and its relationship with related legal categories such as “disposition of property” and “transfer of ownership.” Particular attention is paid to the legal characteristics of immovable property as the subject matter of alienation, the formal legal requirements applicable to relevant transactions, as well as the role of state registration in the mechanism for the transfer of rights in rem. A comparative legal analysis of the regulation of this institution in France, the United States, and the Republic of Kazakhstan is conducted. Based on the findings of the study, a number of proposals aimed at improving the civil legislation of Uzbekistan are formulated.Annotatsiya: Maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasi fuqarolik qonunchiligi, doktrinal manbalar va sud amaliyoti materiallarini tahlil qilish asosida ko‘chmas mulkni begonalashtirish tushunchasi, uning “mulkni tasarruf etish” va “mulk huquqining o‘tishi” kabi turdosh huquqiy kategoriyalar bilan o‘zaro nisbati ko‘rib chiqiladi. Ko‘chmas mulkning begonalashtirish predmeti sifatidagi yuridik belgilariga, tegishli bitimlarga qo‘yiladigan formal-yuridik talablarga, shuningdek, ashyoviy huquqlarning o‘tishi mexanizmida davlat ro‘yxatidan o‘tkazishning o‘rniga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan. Mazkur institutning Fransiya, AQSh va Qozog‘iston Respublikasidagi huquqiy tartibga solinishi qiyosiy-huquqiy jihatdan tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqot yakunlari asosida O‘zbekiston fuqarolik qonunchiligini takomillashtirishga qaratilgan qator takliflar ishlab chiqilgan.

ORGANIZING PROSECUTORIAL INSPECTIONS OVER THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LAWS ENSURING THE RULE OF LAW IN THE CREDIT SECTOR

Zahriddin Sobirjanovich Hazratqulov — 2026-09-07

This article analyzes the role and significance of prosecutorial checks in ensuring the rule of law, as well as preventing and eliminating violations in the banking and credit sector. The author highlights the primary forms of legal violations occurring in this sphere and emphasizes that the absence of a unified, specialized methodology for organizing and conducting prosecutorial checks adversely affects operational efficiency.

The article outlines the stages of preparing for checks, alongside the collection and analysis of requisite information from the Central Bank, the Ministry of Economy and Finance, commercial banks, and other competent authorities. Furthermore, it explicitly defines the main subjects of checks conducted within the Central Bank and commercial banks, addressing issues related to prudential supervision, non-performing loans, and collateral assets. Finally, the study substantiates the importance of maintaining the confidentiality of check materials and prosecutorial response acts to preserve the stability of the banking system.

CATEGORIES (RANKS) OF JURISTS WHO WORKED WITHIN THE HANAFI SCHOOL OF LAW

Ahror Abdushukurov — 2026-09-07

This article analyzes the scholarly ranks of jurists (fuqaha) within the Hanafi school of Islamic law and their role in the development of Islamic jurisprudence. The study examines the classifications of Hanafi scholars, particularly the system of juristic ranks proposed by Ibn Kamal Pasha. In addition, the classifications suggested by Shah Waliullah Dehlawi and Muhammad Abu Zahra are comparatively analyzed. The research concludes that the classification of jurists should be based on their level of ijtihad, their ability to derive legal rulings, and their competence in evaluating different legal narrations. This study is significant for understanding the intellectual development of the Hanafi school of law.

SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL MECHANISMS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN VALUES AND SOCIAL CONSCIOUSNESS

Nodira Fayzimurotovna Yalgasheva — 2026-09-11

This article analyzes the socio-philosophical mechanisms of the interaction between values and social consciousness. Furthermore, the article provides a scientific and theoretical justification for the fact that the relationship between values and social consciousness is one of the main factors determining the spiritual development of society.

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PRESCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEMS OF UZBEKISTAN, JAPAN, AND FINLAND: CONDITIONS, CHILDREN, AND THE UPBRINGING SYSTEM

Feruza Yuldosheva — 2026-09-07

This article provides a comparative analysis of the development characteristics of preschool education systems in Uzbekistan, Japan, and Finland. The study focuses particularly on the conditions of education and upbringing in preschool education institutions, the age-related and individual characteristics of children, the content of the pedagogical process, teacher-child relationships, the importance of play-based activities, and cooperation with parents. In Uzbekistan, large-scale reforms are being implemented to modernize the preschool education system, increase the coverage of children with preschool education, and create a modern educational environment. In Japan, particular emphasis is placed on developing children’s independence, collectivism, discipline, self-care skills, and social responsibility. In Finland’s preschool education system, the key principles include respect for children’s rights, ensuring their well-being, individual development, learning through play, and supporting children’s personal interests. The findings of the study demonstrate the potential for applying the best practices of these countries to further improve the preschool education system in Uzbekistan.

THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN SOCIAL STABILITY AND CREATING AN ENVIRONMENT OF ZERO TOLERANCE FOR VIOLENCE AND PRESSURE AGAINST WOMEN

Samira Boymirzayevna Azibayeva — 2026-09-11

This article analyzes the social, spiritual and legal role of women in ensuring social stability. The novelty of the work is to study the phenomenon of oppression and violence against women in the context of social stability based on a comprehensive approach. As a result of the analysis of the literature, the socio-economic, legal and educational factors of violence were identified and the main directions for the formation of an intolerant environment were proposed. In conclusion, strengthening the legal protection of women and changing public consciousness are one of the important conditions for social stability.

ACTIVITIES OF NATIONAL-CULTURAL CENTERS IN UZBEKISTAN. THE EXAMPLE OF BUKHARA REGION

Umid Ashrafovich Rakhmatulloyev — 2026-09-11

This article analyzes interethnic relations in Uzbekistan from the second half of the 20th century to the 2000s, the formation and activities of national-cultural centers, their role in preserving national values, customs and traditions. It also covers the establishment of national-cultural centers operating in the Bukhara region, their cultural and educational activities, and their contribution to ensuring interethnic harmony. The study pays special attention to the importance of national-cultural centers in preserving cultural diversity in society and strengthening friendly relations between representatives of different nationalities.

GERMANY'S INFORMATION POLICY IN THE EAST DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR: THE CASE OF THE “NACHRICHTENSTELLE FÜR DEN ORIENT”

Okhun Boltaev — 2026-09-07

This article examines the establishment, organizational structure, principal areas of activity, and the role of the Nachrichtenstelle fur den Orient (News Bureau for the East), founded under the German Foreign Office during the First World War, within the framework of Germany's Eastern policy. It analyzes the Bureau's propaganda activities based on Pan-Islamic ideas and its efforts to influence the Ottoman Empire, the Muslims of the Russian Empire, Turkestan, and the Emirate of Bukhara. Particular attention is paid to the methods of information warfare employed by the Bureau, as well as the mechanisms of political influence implemented through multilingual publications, newspapers, journals, and other propaganda materials. The study also evaluates the Bureau's contribution to Germany's strategic objectives in the East and its role in shaping political and ideological influence during the First World War.

INSTITUTIONAL INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN HISTORY EDUCATION AT HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF UZBEKISTAN DURING THE YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE

Khurshid Nasriddinovich Tursunov — 2026-09-11

This article analyzes the institutional-level international cooperation of history faculties and departments at higher education institutions of Uzbekistan — formal agreements, international grant programs, the organization of joint scientific expeditions, and curricular reforms. The study examines the agreements of Mirzo Ulugbek National University of Uzbekistan and the state universities of Andijan, Fergana, Bukhara, Termez, Namangan, and Karshi with foreign institutions and international organizations, as well as projects under TEMPUS and TACIS programs.

THE ROLE OF MUSEUMS IN ENHANCING THE INTELLECTUAL AND SPIRITUAL POTENTIAL OF THE LOCAL POPULATION

Mahbuba Akhtamovna Ashurova — 2026-09-11

The article discusses the role of museums in the development of human capital, their significance in regional development, and the formation of the intellectual infrastructure of society. It analyzes the unique mediating role of museums in transmitting the experience of the older generation, historical memory, and cultural knowledge to the younger generation, their function as an important cultural and educational center in developing regional human capital, and the overall impact of museums on human capital.

DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ WRITING COMPETENCE THROUGH AI-BASED FEEDBACK MECHANISMS

Nishona Boymurodova — 2026-09-07

The article investigates the role of artificial intelligence (AI)-based feedback systems in developing students’ writing competence using a quasi-experimental design. Participants were English-major students at Bukhara State Pedagogical Institute: the experimental group (n=32) used ChatGPT- and Grammarly-based feedback, while the control group (n=30) received traditional teacher feedback. Students receiving AI-based feedback showed significant gains in grammatical accuracy (p<0.01), lexical diversity (p<0.05) and text organization (p<0.05); no difference was found in argumentation quality. An integrated model combining AI and teacher feedback is substantiated.

HISTORY OF THE L. M. ISAEV SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY

Bekzod Shukhratovich Toshpulatov — 2026-09-11

This article examines the history of the establishment, formation, and development of the L. M. Isaev Research Institute of Medical Parasitology. It analyzes the institute’s scientific and practical activities in studying parasitic diseases and improving methods of their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in Uzbekistan. Particular attention is paid to research conducted in the field of parasitology, the formation of scientific schools, the training of qualified specialists, and the institute’s contribution to the development of medical science. The main stages of the institute’s historical development, the transformation of its research areas, and its role in the healthcare system of Uzbekistan are examined from a historical perspective.

THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE BANU SAKHR TRIBE IN TRANSJORDAN

Nozimjon Akhmadov — 2026-09-07

This article analyzes the socio-economic and political transformation of the Banu Sakhr tribe in the territory of Transjordan. The study examines the tribe’s historical position during the Mamluk and Ottoman periods, its traditional economic system based on camel herding in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and the changes that occurred during the British Mandate period. It analyzes the weakening of the traditional camel-based economy as a result of increased state control, restrictions on mobility, drought, and changes in pastoralism, as well as the development of sheep herding and other forms of labor and the tribe’s integration into the state system.

FORMATION AND HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF THE INSTITUTION OF DELICTS IN ROMAN PRIVATE LAW

Firdavs Nusratovich Jumayev — 2026-09-07

This article examines the institution of delicts in Roman private law, focusing on its concept, historical evolution, and main types through the method of historical-legal analysis. The transition from private to public liability for delicts, the composition of the principal delicts (furtum, iniuria, damnum iniuria datum), and the institution of quasi-delicts are analyzed. Particular attention is given to the shift from objective (strict) to subjective (fault-based) liability. The article also addresses the influence of the delict institution on the modern theory of civil liability, including fault-based responsibility and full compensation for harm.

THEORETICAL-METHODOLOGICAL, SOCIO-POLITICAL, AND DEMOCRATIC FOUNDATIONS OF GENDER RELATIONS

Abror Quvondiqovich Komilov — 2026-09-11

This article provides a scholarly analysis of the theoretical and methodological foundations of gender relations, their socio-political essence, and their relationship with democratic principles. Ensuring gender equality is considered one of the key criteria of a modern democratic society. The article examines feminist theories, major methodological approaches to gender analysis, the development of gender policy in Uzbekistan, as well as international legal frameworks, particularly the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW, 1979) and commitments within the United Nations system. The study also explores the interrelationship between democratic transformation and gender equality, demonstrating the importance of equal rights and opportunities in the development of democratic institutions and social relations.