Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease that is widespread throughout the world. As a nosological unit, COPD took shape only a few decades ago, and currently causes 2.9 million deaths per year (1). According to the World Health Organization, COPD is considered one of the leading causes of death among noncommunicable diseases (2). Occurring in a group of people older than 40 years, COPD is often combined with the pathology of other organs and systems (4).

According to the definition of COPD, which is included in the main COPD management document - the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), 2014, the huge role of comorbidities in increasing the severity of COPD is emphasized , impact on quality of life (QoL), prognosis and survival. Among the numerous comorbidities considered are cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome (MS) and diabetes mellitus (DM) (3,5).

In the available literature, there are practically no clinical studies performed using a systematic approach to assessing the effect of MS components on clinical and instrumental characteristics and quality of life in COPD patients.

Cerebrovascular diseases are one of the most urgent and priority problems of modern medicine. With an increase in life expectancy, there is a significant increase in cerebrovascular pathology, in particular, chronic cerebral ischemia, with a clear correlation between dysfunction of the cardiovascular and other visceral systems of the body and deterioration in the state and functioning of the central nervous system (1,2).

Autonomic dysfunction syndrome is currently considered as a comorbid pathology of chronic cerebral ischemia that accompanies it as it develops. With increasing age, the patient has a gradation of autonomic dysfunction. Changes occurring in the autonomic nervous system precede subsequent neurological disorders and serve as a manifestation of maladaptive reactions (3).

It has been shown that a decrease in heart rate variability (HRV) indicates a violation of the autonomic control of cardiac activity and is unfavorable for prognosis. Close-to-normal HRV values are recorded in relatively healthy individuals of the control group, intermediate - in elderly male patients with stage II CCI in the presence of SVD, the lowest - in women with stage II CCI in the presence of SVD.

The article presents the otoneurological characteristics of pre-stroke cerebrovascular disorders in patients with essential hypertension. Among the problems of modern otorhinolaryngology, one of the leading places belongs to cochleovestibular disorders in some cardiovascular diseases, in particular, hypertension. The state of vestibular function in arterial hypertension was studied by many authors who noted a decrease in resistance in such patients. It has been established that one of the reasons for the formation of secondary cochleovestibular disorders is chronic hypertensive encephalopathy, which develops in patients with arterial hypertension, often already in the early stages of the disease. In the study of the peculiarities of the pathogenesis of cochleovestibular disorders, certain results have made it possible to study the nature of the vestibulo-vascular interaction. It is shown, in particular, the difference in vestibulo-vascular reactions in the case of central and peripheral lesions of the vestibular analyzer, which is important for the differential diagnosis of these pathological conditions.

In the article, the authors analyze the clinical case of patient O., aged 19, with hereditary leukodystrophy. The patient is affected to a greater extent by both hemispheres of the cerebellum, there is a aggravated family history.