Over the past decade, there has been a significant improvement in neuroimaging techniques to improve the early diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke. Magnetic resonance imaging is often used in ischemic stroke and to assess contraindications for thrombolysis.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory tract with a wide range of clinical variants. As our understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease develops, so does our philosophy regarding the approach and treatment of CRS. Endotyping gains an advantage over phenotype-based classifications due to its potential to predict disease severity and provide accurate treatment. Endotyping is particularly useful in complex cases of CRS with a nasal polyp, for which new treatment options such as biologics are now available. The latest European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps (EPOS2020) reflects these developments with updated rhinosinusitis classifications and new integrated care schemes.

This article analyzed and discussed the characteristics of cognitive, psychoemotional dysfunction and quality of life in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia.