The article presents the results of pedagogical research on the application of numerical simulation of X-ray diffraction in crystals and computer experiments in the study of optics in higher educational institutions. It is shown that the transition to the study of diffraction of X-rays of different spectra in monocrystalline and polydomain crystals significantly increases the efficiency of the educational process in forming a deeper knowledge of the physical foundations of interference and diffraction waves. It is shown that depending on the spectrum of used X-ray wave, the geometry of shooting should be chosen polychromatic Laue method, rocking method (or rotation) for computer demonstration of formation of X-ray diffraction pictures during lectures and during students' independent works. On the basis of the fact that for all methods of X-ray diffraction of crystals diffraction maxima are obtained only in the directions satisfying diffraction and geometric conditions, the necessary information about the features of diffraction patterns formation and calculation formulas for determining the coordinates of reflexes on the X-ray diffraction pattern and their intensities are given. Mathematica computer algebra, the high-level programming language Delphi, and the universal programming language Phyton were used to visualize the obtained data. Calculated lauergrams of a hexagonal crystal and rotation radiographs for polysynthetic and polydomain ZnS crystals are presented. It is noted that similar computer demonstrations can be performed for electron and neutron diffraction. As a conclusion, it is shown that computer simulations provide a visual representation of X-ray diffraction in crystals, which can help students better understand the basis of diffraction physics of different wave nature.

computer demonstration, demonstration experiment, optics, interference and diffraction of light, X-ray diffraction, crystal lattice, structural factor, modeling of radiographs, lauegram, swing radiogram, efficiency, CrystalDiffract, PowderCell, phase transformations.

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