The article examines the historical development of the external functions of the state in the context of the evolution of international relations and the transformation of statehood. It analyzes the process of formation and transformation of external functions at different stages of historical development—from ancient and medieval states to the modern stage of globalization. Particular attention is paid to such key external functions of the state as ensuring external security, diplomatic activity, foreign economic relations, participation in international organizations, and the maintenance of international legal order. The study reveals the dependence of the content and forms of implementation of external functions on the socio-economic system, the level of development of productive forces, the political regime, and the international environment. The article substantiates the conclusion that the external functions of the state are dynamic in nature and reflect both the internal needs of society and changes in the global system. The materials of the article can be used in scientific research on the theory of state and law, international law, as well as in the educational process in the study of state-legal disciplines.

external functions of the state, historical development of the state, theory of state and law, foreign policy, international relations, international law, international cooperation, diplomatic relations, state sovereignty, international security, globalization, evolution of statehood, functions of the state, international treaties, interstate unions, foreign economic activity, international organizations.

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