The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal nature of alimony obligations between spouses, the grounds for their emergence, and the procedures and conditions established by the Family Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The author examines the spouses’ duty of mutual material support, the voluntary and judicial mechanisms of alimony recovery, the alimony rights of former spouses, and the legal consequences of failure to fulfil the obligation. Certain problems of judicial practice are highlighted, and scientific and practical proposals for improving family legislation are formulated.

This article analyzes the evolution of moral thinking in the age of artificial intelligence from philosophical, social, and axiological perspectives. It examines how digital technologies influence decision-making culture, the understanding of responsibility, the criteria of justice and transparency, and the individual’s spiritual and moral self-position. Artificial intelligence is interpreted not merely as a technical instrument but as a civilizational phenomenon that reorganizes humanity’s moral choices. The article highlights issues of algorithmic decision-making, data ethics, human oversight, digital subjectivity, responsibility, and social trust in connection with the historical development of ethical consciousness.

This article analyzes the historical formation, development stages, and possibilities of applying Malaysia’s policy of attracting foreign investment to small business in the context of Uzbekistan. The study examines Malaysia’s post-independence path of economic development, industrialization policy, establishment of free economic zones, export-oriented production, inflow of foreign capital, and mechanisms of investment cooperation with local small and medium-sized enterprises. Special attention is paid to the integration of small businesses into international production chains, the strengthening of technology transfer, and the enhancement of local entrepreneurial capacity. The article substantiates the significance of Malaysia’s historical experience for the economy of Uzbekistan, particularly in attracting foreign investment to small business, developing industrial zones, expanding export potential, and supporting local business entities in entering international markets.

This article analyzes the philosophical and ethical dimensions of the complex relationship between cybersecurity and human dignity in the context of accelerating digital transformation processes. In the 21st century, the widespread integration of information and communication technologies into all spheres of life has generated new interpretations of human freedom, privacy, information security, and human rights. The study examines the philosophical evolution of the concept of human dignity, the ethical foundations of cybersecurity policies, and the impact of digital surveillance on human rights. It also explores the effects of artificial intelligence, Big Data, algorithmic governance, and cyber-surveillance systems on human autonomy and freedom. The findings indicate that maintaining a balance between ensuring cybersecurity and protecting human dignity is one of the central ethical challenges of the digital society. Addressing this challenge requires the development of human-centered technologies, the strengthening of ethical governance principles, and the improvement of legal mechanisms.

This article examines the interpretation of democracy in the history of national thought, analyzes the content of the idea of democracy in modern society, and reveals the historical development of the democratic idea in contemporary social contexts. It also explores the historical evolution, transformation, and outcomes of the concept of democracy in the present day, as well as identifies the impact of these developments and transformations on social and cultural processes. Based on the findings, proposals and recommendations have been developed to enhance understanding of the historical development and transformation of the idea of democracy in modern society and its influence on contemporary social and cultural dynamics.

The article is devoted to the historical analysis of the Turkestan Autonomy, proclaimed on November 26–28, 1917, at the IV All-Turkestan Congress of Muslims in Kokand. It examines the circumstances of its establishment, the structure of its government, main objectives (democratization of governance, interethnic equality, reforms in the judicial, financial, and educational systems), as well as the reasons for its suppression after only 72 days by Red Army forces in February 1918. The Autonomy is evaluated as a significant milestone in the national awakening of the Turkestan peoples and their first serious attempt to establish a national state, despite its tragic end.

The article explores the reflection of the scholarly heritage of Tirmidh scientists in the famous work "Fasl ul-Khitab bi-Wusuli-l-Ahbab" by Khoja Muhammad Porso (1349–1420), a prominent theorist and leading figure of the Naqshbandiyya Sufi order. From a source-critical perspective, the study analyzes how the author utilized the works and Hadiths of the great scholars of Tirmidh – Imam al-Tirmidhi, Hakim al-Tirmidhi, and Muhammad ibn Hamid al-Tirmidhi – to resolve complex theological (aqidah) and Sufi issues. Specifically, the paper examines the high esteem given to the personalities of Hakim al-Tirmidhi and Muhammad ibn Hamid al-Tirmidhi in "Fasl ul-Khitab", clarifying the substance of the narrated Hadiths, spiritual insights, and aphorisms attributed to them. The article is of significant academic value for understanding the profound interconnectedness among the scholarly schools of Mawarannahr and the monumental contribution of Central Asian sages to the evolution of Islamic thought.

This article explores the transformations in education and enlightenment among the peoples of Central Asia during the 19th and 20th centuries, as well as their impact on cross-cultural development from a philosophical and cultural perspective. The study analyzes the process of interaction and synthesis between European science, culture, and enlightenment ideas and local national culture, traditions, and values in the works of enlightening thinkers like Ahmad Donish.

The article examines the evolution of the theory and practice of children’s rights protection in the context of digitalization. It analyzes the development of international legal standards for the protection of children’s rights, начиная with the Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child of 1924 and ending with contemporary international instruments regulating the digital environment. Particular attention is paid to the impact of information and communication technologies and the Internet on the realization of children’s rights, as well as to new risks associated with the digital environment, including cyberviolence, online exploitation, violations of personal data privacy, and digital inequality. The article considers the transformation of the classical theory of children’s rights and the emergence of the concept of children’s digital rights. It also explores the role of international organizations in shaping modern international standards for the protection of children’s rights in the digital era. The study concludes that international practice is shifting from a reactive model of protection toward a proactive and comprehensive approach based on the principle of “child rights by design.”

This article provides a sociological analysis of the content, objectives, and practical significance of the support system for persons with disabilities. Issues regarding the ensuring of equal participation of persons with disabilities in society, their social protection, employment, education, and healthcare are examined through the lens of various sociological theories. Furthermore, the article analyzes programs developed on the basis of state policy and legislation, social services, and the role of non-governmental organizations in this field. Based on advanced international experiences, recommendations are provided for improving the existing system.