The article compares the rules on non-custodial punishments in the criminal codes of France, Germany, Sweden, Poland, the Czech Republic, China, Japan and the Republic of Korea with the corresponding provisions of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The study relies on the UN Standard Minimum Rules for Non-custodial Measures (Tokyo Rules, 1990), the Council of Europe recommendations of 2014 and 2017, and the current texts of national codes, including the 2023 German reform of substitute imprisonment and the 2019 French reform of probation. The author shows how the foreign codes set the size of fines, the number of hours of community service, the terms of suspended sentences and the consequences of non-compliance. Uzbek law is examined in the light of the 2017 introduction of compulsory community service and the Law “On Probation” of 7 August 2024. Two tables summarise the comparison and the author’s proposals: an income-based day-fine model, a proportionate rule for replacing an unpaid fine, wider use of electronic monitoring as a form of executing restriction of liberty, and community work as an obligation attached to a conditional sentence.

non-custodial punishments, Tokyo Rules, community service, day-fine, restriction of liberty, conditional sentence, probation, electronic monitoring.

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