The article examines the political structure of Turkic tribes in Central Asia during the 9th–12th centuries based on Arabic sources. The works of authors such as Ibn Khordadbeh, al-Ya‘qubi, al-Istakhri, Ibn Hawqal, and al-Muqaddasi are analyzed to explore the political system, tribal alliances, territorial migrations, and relations of Turkic tribes with neighboring states. Furthermore, the historical reliability of these Arabic sources is evaluated in comparison with modern research, highlighting the role of Turkic tribes in the political history of Central Asia.

Central Asia, 9th–12th centuries, Turkic tribes, political structure, Arabic sources, tribal alliances, migration, historiography.

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