This article analyzes the development of students’ creative thinking in New Uzbekistan from a socio-philosophical perspective. The essence of creative thinking, its role in social development, and the opportunities for fostering creativity among students through higher education reforms, digital technologies, and the integration of national values are discussed. The research methodology is based on philosophical analysis, sociological observation, and a comparative approach. The results indicate that the development of students’ creative thinking is closely connected not only with the pedagogical process but also with broader socio-philosophical processes.

This article illuminates the philosophical content of the concept of societal culture and the stages of its historical-evolutionary development based on social analysis. In the study, the organic connection of culture with the development of humanity, the process of its formation from the primitive communal system to the era of digital civilization, is analyzed on a scientific basis. The interrelationship of societal culture with social systems, economic relations, ideology, and spiritual values is also revealed. The authors philosophically substantiate the role of culture as the main factor determining the development of society in each historical period and analyze the transformational features of culture under the influence of modern global processes. The article has scientific and practical significance for understanding the essence of the phenomenon of social culture, its study in a modern socio-philosophical context.

The article describes 12 coins of two types, minted in Hisar during the Timurid period, from the “Yangi Sanganak” hoard of copper coins. The hoard was discovered in the “Yangi Sanganak” neighborhood of the Parkent district, Tashkent region, and is kept in the State Museum of the History of the Timurids of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It is noted that the obverse of the first type of coins bears the inscription “Zarb Hisar” (Struck in Hisar) in Arabic script, while the obverse of the second type bears the inscription “Zarb Hisari shodmon” (Struck in Prosperous Hisar). The reverse of both types of coins features an ornament in the shape of a plant leaf. It is recorded that some of the coins were overstruck. It is emphasized that the three types of overstriking on the coins were carried out during the Shaybanid period to eliminate the shortage of coins in trade and were put into circulation. It has been established that these coins were already in circulation in the Tashkent oasis at the time of their initial minting, and they were overstruck in Parkent for use in internal trade.

In this article, the concept of loyalty is analyzed from a socio-philosophical perspective. The historical, spiritual, and philosophical roots of loyalty, as well as its significance in family, society, and global processes, are examined. Loyalty is revealed as a moral value that strengthens human relationships, social stability, and personal integrity. Furthermore, the article highlights the new dimensions of loyalty in the digital society, information ethics, and the era of artificial intelligence, along with its role in migration and intercultural dialogue.

This article reveals the role and specific features of Mahmoud al-Zamakhshari's socio-philosophical views in the spiritual development of man. At the same time, the main features of Mahmoud al-Zamakhshari's entry into the world of science, his preference for the world of science over other professions, and his views on the ability of science to glorify man and elevate him to the level of perfection are revealed on an analytical basis.

During the Second World War, the medical infrastructure in the Uzbek SSR developed significantly. The evacuation of millions of people and hundreds of enterprises required a reorganization of the healthcare system. More than one hundred military hospitals were established, serving wounded soldiers and the evacuated population. Both local doctors and evacuated medical workers participated in hospital operations. The number of hospitals and hospital beds increased, while sanitary measures helped to prevent epidemics. The example of Kashkadarya region highlights the role of mobile medical units and front assistance committees.

This article examines the discussions and debates in the field of history during the second half of the 1980s, a period marked by ideological tensions and the gradual weakening of Soviet dogma. The policy of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) created an environment that allowed historians to reconsider previously distorted or silenced issues. Particular attention is given to the study of national liberation movements, the colonial policy of the Russian Empire, the role of the Jadid movement, and the reinterpretation of key events in Turkestan’s history. The article highlights how new scholarly approaches challenged the established Soviet narratives, paving the way for more objective and truthful historiography in the years leading up to Uzbekistan’s independence.

The article examines the political structure of Turkic tribes in Central Asia during the 9th–12th centuries based on Arabic sources. The works of authors such as Ibn Khordadbeh, al-Ya‘qubi, al-Istakhri, Ibn Hawqal, and al-Muqaddasi are analyzed to explore the political system, tribal alliances, territorial migrations, and relations of Turkic tribes with neighboring states. Furthermore, the historical reliability of these Arabic sources is evaluated in comparison with modern research, highlighting the role of Turkic tribes in the political history of Central Asia.

This article analyzes the artistic and aesthetic trends in Sharof Rashidov's "Song of Kashmir". The literary and philosophical essence of the positivist approach and the harmony of romantic images observed in the work are revealed. The high aesthetic level of the work is based on the synthesis of realistic images based on scientific facts by the author with romantic melodies expressing dreams and feelings.