This article examines the role of the Juybari Khoja dynasty in diplomatic relations between the Bukhara Khanate and Mughal India in the 16th–17th centuries. Drawing on the primary source “Matlab al-Talibin,” it demonstrates that the Juybari Khojas functioned not only as religious authorities but also as political intermediaries and economic actors who strengthened ties between the two states.

This article analyzes the scientific and creative activities of Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi, a great thinker of the Islamic world and theoretician of Sufi teachings. The thinker's philosophy of "Wahdat al-wujud" (Unity of Being), his views on the relationship between the universe, man, and God, as well as the contribution of his works "Fusus al-Hikam" and "Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya" to the development of Islamic mysticism are revealed. Furthermore, the influence of Ibn Arabi's ideas on the Sufi schools of Transoxiana (Mawarannahr) is discussed.

This article scientifically analyzes the historical-geographical localization of the 16 sacred lands mentioned in the first chapter of the Avesta’s Videvdat (Vendidad). Contrary to traditional Pahlavi sources associating the Zoroastrian homeland primarily with the Iranian plateau, this study introduces a novel approach using detailed textual, geographical, and recent archaeological evidence. The research effectively demonstrates these specific countries form four logical geographic chains starting directly from the Pamir region: extending along the Amu Darya, the Hindu Kush foothills, and the eastern borders. Ultimately, the study confidently concludes the Videvdat list completely excludes the Iranian plateau, suggesting the original text was likely composed in Southern Afghanistan around the mid-6th century BC.

This article examines the socio-political processes in Turkestan during the colonial period of the Russian Empire, with particular attention to the historical development and historiographical interpretation of Russia’s conquest and colonial rule in Central Asia. The study analyzes the impact of the colonial regime on the social structure, economic conditions, national relations, and way of life of the indigenous population. Particular emphasis is placed on the policy of resettling the population from the Russian Empire to Turkestan in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, its colonial objectives, and its socio-political consequences. The article provides a comparative analysis of pre-revolutionary Russian, Soviet, post-independence Uzbek, and foreign historiography, identifying the ideological and methodological limitations that influenced interpretations of the colonial period. It also considers the role of political émigré scholars, including Mustafa Chokay, Boymirza Hayit, and Zeki Velidi Togan, in developing alternative interpretations of Russian imperial policy in Turkestan. The study argues for the necessity of an objective and systematic reassessment of the colonial period based on contemporary methodological approaches, distinguishing between genuine social and economic transformations and the negative consequences of imperial domination. Such an approach contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of Turkestan’s socio-political history and the complex legacy of Russian colonial rule.

This article analyzes the historical and philosophical roots of spiritual and enlightenment development, as well as the stages of its formation and development from a socio-philosophical perspective. It explores the essence and significance of such concepts as spiritual development of the individual, knowledge and enlightenment, morality, justice, and goodness in the history of philosophical thought. The philosophical thought of the Ancient East and Antiquity, as well as the spiritual and enlightenment views of thinkers of Central Asia, are analyzed. The ideas of Abu Nasr al-Farabi, Abu Rayhan al-Biruni, Abu Ali ibn Sina, Yusuf Khos Hajib, and Alisher Navoi concerning knowledge, enlightenment, the perfect human being, morality, and social development are examined as historical and philosophical foundations of spiritual and enlightenment development.

This article examines the formation and development of humanistic ideas in Eastern philosophy through a comparative analysis of the philosophical views of Confucius, Buddha, Abu Nasr al-Farabi, and Avicenna. It explores the essence of humanistic principles associated with the spiritual and moral development of the individual, virtue, justice, knowledge, tolerance, social responsibility, and the pursuit of perfection. The study analyzes the common and distinctive features of these thinkers’ conceptions of human–society relations, moral virtues, and the ideal of the virtuous and perfect human being, while also substantiating their theoretical significance for the development of contemporary humanistic thought.

The article analyzes the historiography of the Soviet state's policy towards religious life and Islamic institutions in the Bukhara oasis in 1950–1980. The role of Soviet scholars' research (ethnographic and atheistic directions), despite being written under ideological pressure, in studying the hidden religious life in Bukhara is examined. The role of the Bukhara oasis in preserving the heritage of Islamic civilization is highlighted as an object of Soviet historiography.

The article examines the post-war reconstruction and subsequent development of Uzbekistan's agriculture in 1945–1971 through the example of a local kolkhoz in the Kalinin (present-day Zangiota) district of Tashkent region. Drawing on a local source, it discusses the post-war reconstruction process, the consolidation of small farms following the 1948 and 1950 government decrees, technical development and mechanization of production in the 1960s, and the farm's specialization in viticulture and vegetable-potato growing. According to the findings, by the late 1960s income from viticulture accounted for 45 percent of the farm's total income. The study is based on the analysis of a primary descriptive-documentary source and aims to show the mechanism through which republic-wide policy was implemented at the local level.

This article analyzes the historical and political significance of Karmana, one of the ancient cities of the Zarafshan Valley, during the rule of the Manghit dynasty (1756–1920), as well as the construction history and architectural features of Mirzachorbog Palace, an emirate residence built in Karmana during this period. The study examines Karmana’s role in the administrative system of the Emirate of Bukhara during its final stage, the founders of the palace, its artistic decorations, and its fate in the 20th–21st centuries. These aspects are explored on the basis of classical and contemporary scholarly and historical literature, as well as archival and official sources.

The article examines the representation of the complex socio-political processes of Turkestan in the early twentieth century in the works of Abdulhamid Chulpon. Using historical-literary and comparative analytical approaches, the study analyzes the writer’s poetry, prose, journalism and drama. Particular attention is paid to colonial rule, national awakening, Jadidism, enlightenment, national identity, freedom and social inequality. The analysis focuses on “Adabiyot nadur?”, “Vatanimiz Turkistonda temir yo‘llar”, “Qurboni jaholat”, “Buloqlar”, “Tong sirlari” and “Kecha va kunduz”. The study demonstrates that Chulpon did not merely describe historical events; he interpreted social and political transformations through the psychological condition of individuals, national consciousness, enlightenment and the aspiration for freedom. Chulpon’s literary heritage is therefore significant not only for Uzbek literary studies but also for understanding the socio-cultural history of Turkestan.

The article covers the state of the livestock sector in Uzbekistan, the dynamics of livestock production, problems in livestock farming, and reforms aimed at solving them.