This article examines the evolution of the People’s Republic of China’s relations with Middle Eastern countries from 2013 to 2026, with a particular focus on the key cases of Iran and Saudi Arabia. Initially centered on energy and trade cooperation, China’s engagement has gradually shifted toward a more prominent diplomatic role, clearly demonstrated by its mediation in the restoration of relations between Riyadh and Tehran in 2023.

The study explores geo-economic dimensions (the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), negotiations on a free trade agreement with the Gulf Cooperation Council), diplomatic initiatives, the limitations of the non-interference principle, and the impact of both domestic and global factors.

Based on an analysis of academic literature, official documents, and recent developments, the article concludes that China effectively balances between regional rivals, strengthening its economic presence and soft power, while avoiding deep involvement in security issues and remaining within the framework of its traditional foreign policy doctrine.

China, Middle East, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), diplomatic mediation, free trade (FTA with GCC), energy security, non-interference, geoeconomics, Vision 2030.

Meidan, M. (2014). China in the Middle East: Where Rising Powers Fear to Tread. China-US Focus.

Mitchell, J. (2023). Asia’s Oil Supply: Risks and Pragmatic Remedies. Chatham House.

Mitchell, J. (2023). Asia’s Oil Supply: Risks and Pragmatic Remedies. Chatham House.

Chen, J. (2018). Aligning China’s Belt and Road Initiative with Saudi Arabia’s 2030 Vision. World Scientific.

Atlantic Council. (2024). A year ago, Beijing brokered an Iran-Saudi deal.