This article provides a philosophical and methodological analysis of Abu Ali Ibn Sina’s system of medical reasoning. The study focuses on the ontological status of health and disease, their causal structure, and Ibn Sina’s synthesis of Aristotelian natural philosophy and Neoplatonic metaphysics. The author shows that in The Canon of Medicine, Ibn Sina interprets health as the natural harmony of matter and form, and disease as the disruption of this harmony. Aristotle’s doctrine of the four causes, his ideas of form and matter, as well as Neoplatonic concepts of emanation and the hierarchy of being, constitute the fundamental ontological and epistemological layers of Ibn Sina’s medical logic. The article also examines the logical methods employed by Ibn Sina in diagnosis and treatment – including inductive and deductive reasoning, syllogism, empirical observation, and probabilistic judgement – within their philosophical context. The findings demonstrate that Ibn Sina’s medical logic contributed not only to practical medicine but also to the development of philosophy and scientific methodology.

Ibn Sina, medical logic, ontology of health, ontology of disease, Aristotle, Neoplatonism, four causes theory, form and matter, emanation, scientific methodology, Canon of Medicine, deduction, induction, diagnostic reasoning.

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