This article provides a philosophical and methodological analysis of Abu Ali Ibn Sina’s system of medical reasoning. The study focuses on the ontological status of health and disease, their causal structure, and Ibn Sina’s synthesis of Aristotelian natural philosophy and Neoplatonic metaphysics. The author shows that in The Canon of Medicine, Ibn Sina interprets health as the natural harmony of matter and form, and disease as the disruption of this harmony. Aristotle’s doctrine of the four causes, his ideas of form and matter, as well as Neoplatonic concepts of emanation and the hierarchy of being, constitute the fundamental ontological and epistemological layers of Ibn Sina’s medical logic. The article also examines the logical methods employed by Ibn Sina in diagnosis and treatment – including inductive and deductive reasoning, syllogism, empirical observation, and probabilistic judgement – within their philosophical context. The findings demonstrate that Ibn Sina’s medical logic contributed not only to practical medicine but also to the development of philosophy and scientific methodology.

This article analyzes the military-civilian administrative system of the Fergana Region within the Turkestan Governor-Generalship in the late 19th – early 20th centuries, with particular attention to the structural components of local governance institutions. Issues such as administrative-territorial divisions, uezd (district) management, taxation system, police authorities, and resettlement policy are examined based on archival documents and historical sources from the colonial period.

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the contractual-legal and institutional foundations of the Republic of Uzbekistan's transport diplomacy. The research examines the interrelationship between the national legislative base, international conventions, bilateral and multilateral agreements, and institutional structures. Results demonstrate that since 2016, Uzbekistan has implemented comprehensive legal reforms in the transport sector, including the establishment of the Ministry of Transport in 2019, adoption of the Law «On Transport» in 2021, and accession to more than 30 international conventions.

This article analyzes the dynamics of the development of political cooperation between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the United Arab Emirates, as well as the priority areas of relations between the two states.

The author provides a comprehensive and comprehensive article on this topic. It emphasizes that family outreach focuses on reducing the risk of violence against children, supporting parents, and organizing psychological and social services.

In implementing these social protection goals for children in our society, the author analyzes key areas of strategy for ensuring a systemic approach to social protection and child protection, as well as the implementation of a clear system for recording cases of violence against children.

This article analyzes the scientific and theoretical essence of the environmental audit institute, the methodological basis for its implementation, and its practical application. It is legally substantiated that environmental audit is an important management tool in environmental protection, strengthening environmental safety, and increasing the environmental efficiency of economic activity. Scientific and practical proposals aimed at improving the national environmental audit system will also be put forward.

This article examines the historical and political foundations of national identity formation in the Arab states of the Middle East, conceptualizing identity not as a natural byproduct of ethno-cultural cohesion but as a dynamic political construct. The study argues that the region has largely followed a “state-identity” logic, in which state institutions and elite strategies function as primary mechanisms of identity construction. Particular attention is paid to the legacy of empire especially the confessional-legal ordering associated with the Ottoman millet system and to early twentieth-century colonial boundary-making, whose artificial borders institutionalized long-term competition among tribal, sectarian, and civic loyalties. The article demonstrates that postcolonial state-building and ideological projects unfolded under conditions of institutional fragility and social fragmentation, contributing to the instability of identity regimes. Finally, the research highlights contemporary drivers of transformation-mediatization, digital communication, and diasporas which intensify hybrid and transnational forms of belonging.

This article discusses the development of national crafts in our country, in particular the development of blacksmithing in the Fergana Valley, as well as the Namangan, Chust, Andijan, Kokand, Shakhrikhan, and Karasuv schools of blacksmithing. Moreover, information is provided on the history and current state of these blacksmithing and knife-making schools.

This article analyzes the main factors and dynamics of regional competition between Turkey and Iran in the context of the Syrian civil war. The study examines the foreign policies pursued by both states toward the Syrian crisis using a comparative approach. Alongside the ideological dimensions of Turkish and Iranian policies, their realpolitik and geopolitical interests are also explored. The role of the Syrian conflict in the regional balance of power is analyzed, and the security and political consequences of this competition are assessed. The findings of the study contribute to understanding the prospective directions of Turkey–Iran relations in the Middle East.

The article analyzes the history of the formation of the concept of sustainable development, its adoption at the global level and integration into national strategies. The ideological sources of the concept and the process of transformation of environmental consciousness that emerged in the second half of the 20th century into a paradigm of global cooperation are shown. The UN Sustainable Development Goals until 2030 are examined in the context of Uzbekistan's national strategic plans. The article substantiates the need to maintain a balance of economic, social and environmental aspects to achieve sustainable development.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of Timurid princes and royal women based on the Boburnoma, employing personographic, genealogical, and political approaches. The study examines personal descriptions, kinship relations, marital alliances, and political decisions recorded by Babur in connection with the historical processes of Central Asia in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries.

Timurid princes are analyzed as key actors in governance and military-political affairs, while royal women are considered essential figures in maintaining dynastic stability and internal court balance. The source value of Babur’s assessments is critically evaluated by distinguishing subjective observations from factual evidence. The findings demonstrate the importance of the Baburnama as a primary source for reconstructing the political and social history of the Timurid period.

One of the important ways of improving the activities of internal affairs bodies is their communication and constant communication with the public and citizens. Improving relations with the public in the system is important in forming today's democratic legal state and ensuring social stability.

This article examines the impact of disinformation on the education system and analyzes the possibilities of mitigating this issue through pedagogical approaches. Disinformation negatively affects the quality of students' learning and can lead to a weakening of critical thinking skills. The article proposes effective strategies and methodologies for educators and educational institutions, emphasizing the necessity of developing critical information evaluation skills in the educational process.

This article examines the main spiritual and intellectual sources that shaped the philosophical worldview of Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur, the influence of Eastern and Islamic philosophical traditions on his thinking, as well as the intrinsic connection between his artistic-aesthetic perspective and his socio-ethical views. The study explores the harmony between the spiritual heritage of Farabi, Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Nizami, Jami, and Navoi and Babur’s inner world, as well as the philosophical criteria formed under the political and legal traditions of the Timurid era. The conceptual foundations of Babur’s reflections on human nature, justice, homeland, love, and enlightenment are revealed through an analysis of the Baburnama and his ghazals. The article evaluates the phenomenon of Babur’s personality within the framework of Eastern humanism, Sufi thought, moral philosophy, and the culture of governance, emphasizing the contemporary relevance of his worldview as an important theoretical source for modern educational and spiritual development processes.

This article scientifically analyzes the formation of a digital identification crisis among minors in the context of contemporary globalization and digital transformation, as well as its social, psychological, and legal consequences. The study examines the uncertainty of children’s and adolescents’ personal identification in online and digital environments, as well as its impact on factors such as safety, privacy, and psychological stability.

On October 7, 2025, the 12th Summit of the Organization of Turkic States (OTS) was held in the city of Gabala, Azerbaijan. The event was attended by the presidents of member states - Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Türkiye, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan - as well as representatives of observer states, including Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, Chairman of the People's Council of Turkmenistan and former president, and Viktor Orbán, Prime Minister of Hungary. The summit was titled “Regional Peace and Security,” reflecting the ongoing instability and geopolitical tensions in the region. The chairmanship of the OTS was transferred from Kyrgyzstan to Azerbaijan. It was announced that the next official summit will be hosted by Türkiye, while an informal summit is planned to take place in Kazakhstan.

This article examines global ideologies, their role in contemporary society, and their influence on traditional moral values through social networks. In the context of globalization, the issues of preserving national identity and protecting cultural values are analyzed. The mechanisms through which global ideologies spread via social networks and their impact on the existing system of values in society are also discussed.

This article analyzes the role of culture in shaping human behavior and economic activity from the perspective of interpreting culture not as a rational choice, but as an inherited moral skill. The author demonstrates the relativity of the traditional dichotomy between culture and social structure and substantiates how ethical norms, religious roots, and historical traditions directly influence economic efficiency. The article examines the complex relationship between cultural skills and rationality, the process of religious-moral systems transforming into trust institutions, and the role of culture in the evolution of political and economic systems. The influence of cultural differences in different societies on economic behavior, the effectiveness of institutions, and the formation of political decisions is revealed through examples. The study refutes the one-sided assessment of culture as an "irrational phenomenon" and demonstrates its profound rational essence in societal development.

The article studies the processes of strengthening the social activity of young people in the conditions of globalization, their upbringing under the influence of cultural, spiritual, ideological factors and the negative impact on the formation of this feeling. At the same time, the issues of instilling national-cultural, spiritual-ideological feelings in them by increasing the socio-political activity of young people were studied.

The article provides a systematic analysis of the formation and evolution of the concept of modernization in China. Particular attention is paid to the socio-economic and political reforms implemented in the People’s Republic of China since the second half of the twentieth century, as well as to their theoretical and ideological foundations. The study examines the early conceptual forms of modernization during the Mao Zedong era, the “Four Modernizations” programme proposed by Zhou Enlai, and the model of the socialist market economy that emerged after 1978 under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping. The article substantiates that the Chinese model of modernization, unlike Western theories of “Westernization,” developed on the basis of national characteristics, the leading role of the state, and a gradual, phased approach to reform. In conclusion, the author highlights the contribution of China’s modernization experience to the development of global modernization theories.

This article describes the procedures, principles and theoretical aspects of the transfer of property seized by customs authorities to state revenue. The article also provides information on the implementation of laws in customs authorities, including prosecutorial control over the transfer of property to state revenue.

This article discusses the characteristics of the victims of the murders. In addition, the types, classification, socio-demographic characteristics of the victims of the crime of premeditated murder and their role in the committed crimes of premeditated murder are revealed. The reasons for the deliberate murders committed today are studied and the main factors in the organization of their victimological prevention are shown. By studying the identity of victims of intentional homicide, opportunities are created to prevent this type of crime.

The article analyzes, based on historical sources, the formation and stages of development of multi-sector cooperative construction in the territory of the Turkestan ASSR during the period of the New Economic Policy (NEP), as well as its impact on economic and social processes. From a scholarly perspective, the study examines the mechanisms of cooperative activities in trade, agriculture, handicrafts, credit and finance, consumer services, and production sectors, along with their integration into systems of self-governance and economic management in accordance with NEP principles.

This article provides a philosophical analysis of the factors and mechanisms shaping youth musical taste under the conditions of globalization. The contemporary information space, mass culture, digital technologies, and intercultural communication significantly influence the aesthetic consciousness of young people. Musical taste is interpreted as an important indicator of personal spiritual development and cultural identity. The article examines the role of the socio-cultural environment, the education system, and national musical heritage in shaping youth musical taste. The findings emphasize the necessity of a systematic and philosophical approach to the development of musical taste among young people.

One of the key features of modern international relations and international law is the significant increase in the role of international organizations. International organizations play a crucial role not only in regulating cooperation between states but also in ensuring global peace, security, socio-economic development, and the protection of human rights. Their number and diversity, especially after World War II, have grown sharply: by the beginning of the 21st century, there are over 4,000 international organizations, of which approximately 300 are intergovernmental.

The emergence of international organizations is associated with the ongoing needs of humanity and the desire of nations and states for integration. Additionally, they play an essential role in addressing global economic, social, and political issues, preventing armed conflicts, and ensuring effective use of regional resources.

This article examines the origin and development stages of international organizations, their classification, the differences between intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, as well as the role and significance of the United Nations in contemporary international relations. This approach highlights the distinctive characteristics of international organizations as an institution of modern international law.

This article discusses issues related to the digitalization of certain enforcement actions during the execution of court decisions and documents of other authorities, the broad implementation of artificial intelligence technologies in the enforcement process, and improving efficiency by minimizing human involvement through the extensive use of digital technologies, electronic platforms, and information systems in ensuring the execution of documents. As a result of the digitalization of enforcement actions, the article examines the need to amend existing regulatory legal acts and adopt them in a new edition. Based on the analysis, proposals are put forward regarding certain enforcement actions that can be carried out without the involvement of state enforcement officers and concerning the regulatory legal act that needs to be adopted in a new version.

This study examines the content and practical mechanisms of state policy aimed at protecting young people in Uzbekistan from the threats of radicalism and extremism. The research focuses on preventing the influence of destructive ideologies on youth consciousness, strengthening moral and educational initiatives, and ensuring social stability through legal and institutional measures. In addition, the study provides a scholarly analysis of the importance of cooperation between state institutions and civil society, as well as the effectiveness of preventive approaches in countering radicalization among young people.

This article examines the constitutional and legal foundations for the protection of the rights of persons with disabilities in light of international human rights standards. It substantiates that the shift from the medical model of disability to the social model has led to a substantive reinterpretation of the principles of equality and non-discrimination within constitutional law. Particular attention is paid to the impact of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities on national constitutional systems and its role in strengthening legal guarantees in the fields of education and employment. Based on available empirical data, the article demonstrates that persons with disabilities continue to face systemic barriers in accessing education and the labor market, thereby justifying the need for stronger and more explicit constitutional guarantees to ensure the effective realization of their rights.

From a philosophical point of view, the article reveals the essence and importance of physical culture in educating the social life of young people.

The article is devoted to the questions of toponymic changes in Tashkent in the first years of independence of Uzbekistan and the reflection of the legal basis in archival documents. Completed analytical review of the post of mayor of Tashkent on the reorganization of urban districts, streets and quarters. The reasons for these transformations are revealed and variants of toponymic groups are indicated.

This article analyzes socio-political, ideological, and cultural-educational processes based on materials published in the local press of the Khorezm region during the Second World War and the post-war period, particularly in the newspapers “Khorezm Haqiqati” and “Khorezskaya Pravda.” The study examines issues such as fundraising for the needs of the front during the war years, the promotion of labor heroism, the political and moral mobilization of the population, and the involvement of youth and women in production and the education system. In addition, the article provides a scholarly analysis of press coverage in the post-war period related to the eradication of illiteracy, the training of industrial personnel through FZO schools, the development of radio broadcasting, and the activities of cultural and educational institutions. The local press is assessed as the primary carrier of Soviet ideology at the regional level and as an instrument of social governance.

Whether we like it or not, the events happening in the world today compel us to remember the lessons of a century ago, draw wise conclusions from them, and avoid repeating the mistakes we made. After all, as our President specifically stated in his address to the Oliy Majlis and the people of Uzbekistan, today's global life has become more difficult, contradictory, and dangerous than ever before.

This article examines the life, spiritual, educational and political activities of Ashurali Zohiri, a scholar born in the late 19th century and active in the early 20th century, who left a significant place in the literary scene of Kokand and a prominent member of the Jadid movement in Turkestan.

This research article provides a systematic analysis of certain issues related to the inadmissibility of evidence collected by defense counsel. Beyond a general analysis of the mechanisms for declaring evidence inadmissible, it highlights the insufficient number of academic studies specifically devoted to the risks of attorney abuse of power, which, one way or another, leads to the "inadmissibility" of evidence. This, too, must be identified and subjected to careful legal assessment. Therefore, the relevance of this topic is obvious, since in practice, despite the relative vulnerability of the defense in criminal proceedings, there are other aspects to the same process. The research will result in proposals aimed at addressing the identified problems, which allow defense attorneys, exploiting certain loopholes in criminal procedure legislation, to dishonestly construct evidence in ways not provided for by law, or to deliberately file motions to exclude evidence that is admissible in content but contains minor formal errors.

The article examines the concept of sustainable development and the history of its formation, the theoretical perspectives associated with it, the intrinsic interconnection between sustainable development and tourism, as well as the measures being implemented worldwide and in Uzbekistan to achieve the goals of sustainable development.

The article was prepared within the framework of Grant No. ALM-202403110244 entitled “Enhancing the Tourism Potential of Forish District Based on the Harmonization of Historical Sites and Natural Landscapes.” This research was carried out within the framework of grant project No. ALM-202403110244 titled “Enhancing the Tourism Potential of the Forish District Based on the Harmony of Historical Sites and Natural Landscapes”.

Relations between Uzbekistan, the CIS and Central Asian countries, mutual exchange, historical-cultural dialogues, mutual agreements and agreements were highlighted and analyzed based on sources. The mutual cooperation of Uzbekistan with the countries of Central Asia in the economic, social and cultural spheres was touched upon. On the basis of mutual agreements, progress was made in the social, political and cultural, scientific and educational spheres. Future plans have been defined.