This article provides a comparative analysis of the experiences of developed and developing countries in the field of social protection of the population, examining the system as a complex social institution. The study analyzes Germany’s Bismarck model (conservative-corporatist), Sweden’s Nordic (social-democratic) model, South Korea’s “productivist welfare” model, and China’s targeted poverty reduction experience. Based on G. Esping-Andersen’s welfare regime typology, D. North’s institutional theory, and A. Sen’s capability approach, the significance of these models for improving Uzbekistan’s social protection system is revealed.

social protection, social institution, welfare state, Bismarck model, Nordic model, productivist welfare, institutional approach, poverty reduction, comparative analysis.

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