This article comprehensively highlights the conceptual evolution of the category of contingency (chance) in Western European philosophy of the 16th–19th centuries, its role in scientific cognition, and its dialectical connection with necessity. Within the framework of the study, a comparative analysis of the views of great thinkers such as G.W. Leibniz, T. Hobbes, F. Bacon, Voltaire, P. Holbach, L.M. Deshan, G. Hegel, and S. Kierkegaard is carried out. The text logically substantiates that contingency is not merely ignorance or causelessness, but a dialectical process with objective foundations, also highlighting its significance in accelerating scientific discoveries and its aspects related to infinity.

contingency, chance, necessity, dialectics, truth, movement, essence, existence, reality, possibility, philosophy, scientific cognition, causality, existentialism.

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