The article examines the historical evolution of religious tolerance policy in Indonesia from the Dutch colonial period to the present. The study uses historical-comparative analysis and periodisation and draws on legal documents, official publications of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and international scholarship. Each period is described by three criteria: the state’s approach to religion, the instruments of policy and the place of religious organisations. Seven stages are identified: the colonial period, the Japanese occupation, the Pancasila compromise of 1945, the Sukarno period, the New Order, Reformasi and the policy of “Moderasi Beragama”. The analysis shows that Indonesia’s religious policy did not follow a linear path of secularisation; at each stage the state changed the form of its relations with religious organisations rather than withdrawing from them. The author proposes a comparative description of two models, controlled religious stability and institutionalised, negotiated moderation, and outlines aspects of the Indonesian experience, notably indicator-based assessment and cooperation with religious educational institutions, that may be useful for Uzbekistan’s policy of religious tolerance.

Indonesia, religious tolerance, Pancasila, state–religion relations, New Order, Reformasi, Moderasi Beragama, periodisation.

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