Migration processes are an important component of the history of the Middle East region. Forced migration processes have not stopped in the region for the past two centuries. The forced migration of the population is connected with the formation of the modern Middle East and the demarcation of the borders of the countries in the region. In recent years, many refugee crises have occurred in the Middle East. This article includes in detail the migration problems that arise after the "Arab Spring" in the Republic of Turkey.

Political technology is one of the most popular modern methods of managing political processes, and the development and active application of technology in practice serves the formation of political technology culture. The article examines the impact of political technology on the foreign policy process in Iran. In particular, it is noted that the foreign policy conducted by official Tehran uses the technology of "soft power" as one of the main foreign policy technologies in order to achieve a positive image in the international community. In this regard, Iran's efforts to expand its sphere of influence through the further development of the sphere of social networks (Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, YouTube), which are the tools of digital and public diplomacy, will be demonstrated.

This article focuses on women's participation in Afghanistan and as one of the most important political reforms of the 1920s, 1950s and 1960s.  The article talks about the extent to which the Afghan government of this period understands the importance of women's reforms, which will create conditions for improving their situation, getting an education and getting a decent profession.  In addition, the reasons for the reform crisis are based on historical sources.

This article aims to reveal the main principles of Uzbekistan's foreign policy, the priorities of the foreign policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the period after 2016, changes in the cooperation relations of Uzbekistan with the countries of Central Asia and their legal basis.

This article analyzes and discusses the role of higher educational institutions of Uzbekistan in the fight against religious extremist propaganda among young people.

The article discusses the role and place of Central Asia since the XVIII century, the Central Asian region was the geopolitical object of universal significance. So one of the main causes of English-Russian rivalry, accompanied by the ill-large clashes and chaos, was the struggle for central and southern Asia. Autoids of the teretic substantiation of the positions and positions of the countries of the Central Asian region in the geopolitics of the United States of America (USA). Currently, the current geopolitical status of the Central Asian region has changed, namely an increased role in the world arena, which also affected the national policy of countries.

This article highlights the important directions of Japan's energy-economic diplomacy, investment-financial policy in Central Asia at the modern stage. The strategic and geo-economic importance of the region is very important for Japan.

Central Asia has always been in the center of interest of the countries of the world because it is a rich region with 40% of gas reserves, 31% of oil, and 55% of coal reserves. Tokyo is interested in political stability in the region, its integrity, comprehensive cooperation. The presence of huge energy and natural raw material resources in the region is considered as the main factor of Japan's interests. The fact that Japan has a great opportunity in the construction of oil and gas pipelines that provide access to the world market of the region, in turn, is in the interests of the region.

Japan has consistently supported the development of mining and manufacturing industries, logistics and transport infrastructure in the countries of Central Asia, and has achieved certain achievements in this field. Japan's foreign policy in Central Asia served not only as a means of ensuring regional development, but also of establishing bilateral relations and supporting Japan's foreign policy goals in the countries of the region.

Currently, the most important features of Japan's diplomacy in Central Asia are economic and resource diplomacy, regional infrastructure modernization, including the promotion of Japanese infrastructure exports, and human resources development.

This article is  devoted to pecularities of foreign policy of  India, which has been progressing abruptly in recent еars in the context of transformation of  modern international relations, and it reveals that this country is striving not only for a regional, but also for a global status.

In this article, an attempt will be made to reveal in more detail the topic of “the development of international relations of the Republic of Uzbekistan with leading countries of the world, such as the as the United States, China and Russia.

Today, the development of international relations is an integral part of the foreign policy of each state. The Republic of  Uzbekistan is an active participant in the international community and strives to strengthen international relations with countries such as the United States of America, Russian Federation and China in fields of politics, economy, energy, infrastructure, trade and etc.

In addition, the developing relations between the countries during the reign of the first President of the republic of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov and strengthening relations today by Shavkat Mirziyoyev will be considered.

After the end of the cold war, profound changes began in the international security system and international law. The problem of ensuring international peace and security has acquired new features. The Heads of State and Government of the members of the UN Security Council at a meeting on January 31, 1992 agreed that for the first time since the creation of the UN, the best chance for achieving international peace and security appeared. At the same time, they recognized that the changes taking place in international relations, however desirable they may be, have created a threat to the stability and security of the world. A number of acute problems arose after the cessation of ideological confrontation and the disappearance of the bipolar world, and the number of local conflicts has also sharply increased, most often within states, and not between them. To the old hotbeds of hostility, new, even more dangerous ones have been added, generated by aggressive nationalism, ethnic, religious and clan intolerance. The problem of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, international terrorism and drug trafficking has also become acute. Globalization, which has changed the world economy and politics, has a serious impact on the security of the entire world community, including increasing the danger to which it is exposed due to the intensification of international terrorism.

An analysis of the international political situation indicates that it is undergoing significant changes. In interstate relations, it is planned to intensify processes that contribute to reducing tension and strengthening stability in some potentially crisis areas. At the same time, the reasons that prevent the elimination of hotbeds of tension and the establishment of broad cooperation in the interests of security have not yet been eliminated, there is a confrontation between the leading countries of the world for securing leading positions. A significant destabilizing factor in the world remains the presence of intra-regional contradictions — political, territorial and ethno-confessional [1].

The transboundary nature and limited nature of water resources in Central Asia makes water a key resource that largely determines the further development of the region.

Climate change, population growth and increased demand for water have a mixed impact on the water, food and energy security of the countries of Central Asia. That is why cooperation in these areas is a common concern to ensure stability in the region.

This article provides information about India's participation in Central Asia, its geopolitical and geo-economic interests in the region, the state of its political and economic relations with the countries of Central Asia, various projects and initiatives aimed at the region.

The worthy place of the state in the international arena in the modern world depends on a number of factors, but above all, on the country's consistently pursued foreign policy. For more than 30 years of independent development, Uzbekistan has gained a well-deserved authority in the world community, thanks to a consistently pursued comprehensively balanced, pragmatic foreign policy. The article analyzes the norms of the New Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which reflect the peaceful, multi-vector foreign policy pursued by our country.

The formation of the market economy, the development of its infrastructure, the creation of effective management mechanisms for all market entities implies the need to search for adequate methods of insurance activity, protection and compensation of damage caused to individuals and legal entities. In the Law "On Insurance Activities", insurance is a civil-legal act related to the protection of the property interests of citizens and legal entities in the event of certain events (insurance events) specified in the insurance contract or current legal documents at the expense of funds generated by the payment of insurance payments by citizens and legal entities. defined as a type of relationship (insurance salary, insurance premiums). As an economic category, insurance defines a system of economic relations, which includes the forms and methods of formation of trust funds and their use to cover losses due to various unpredictable adverse events (risks).

This article describes the place and role of Saudi Arabia in the international arena, in particular, the multi-faceted and comprehensive security policy it carries out in the Middle East region. It also provides detailed information on the country's regional security strategy and its main directions. Its relations with world and regional power centers, including the USA, China and Iran, are analyzed.

The article examines in detail the origins and historical development of regional security institutions, from their origin in antiquity to the modern period. The main stages in the development of security institutions in various countries of the world, including Europe, Asia, North and South America, Africa and Australia, are analyzed.

A brief overview of the main tasks that the regional security institutions set themselves at the present stage is given and the main functions that these institutions perform are outlined. The significant advantages that the regions receive from the fact that they have a strong and effective security institution are highlighted.

Particular attention is paid to the study of how regional security institutions in different parts of the world have adapted to changes in time and changing requirements set before them at various stages of their development. The author of the article also briefly processed a number of examples of how regional security institutions coped with various threat-related challenges that arose in the territories where they operate.

As a result of the article, it is concluded that regional security institutions are an integral part of the system for ensuring national and international security. They play the role of a starting point for creating a favorable environment around the world, preventing conflicts, preventing the widespread spread of terrorism, extremism and other forms of violence.

This article describes the history of mutual relations between the Bukhara Emirate and Russia at the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century, characterized by the expansion and strengthening of trade and diplomatic relations.

This article aims to reveal the relations between Uzbekistan and the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. The article analyzes the bilateral relations between Uzbekistan and the Arab countries of the region, the dynamics of development of mutual cooperation, and the priority directions of cooperation.

This article analyzes the integration processes taking place in the Asia-Pacific region in the last decade, the regional policy conducted by the Japanese government and their impact on the system of international relations. Although the processes of integration in the region started a few years ago, two major projects that have emerged in recent years - The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership - have been briefly described in academic studies or local academic literature. With the help of scientific sources in Japan and other foreign countries, the opinions of politicians and experts about the above integrated associations were analyzed. Historical, systematic, comparative, and content analysis methods were used to determine the role and importance of the two projects in Japan and other countries. In Japan, as in other countries, regional policy is complex in terms of goals and content, which is largely ensured by its coordination with other areas of state economy regulation. Also, this article highlights the modern strategy of Japan's regional policy, focusing on a number of factors.

In this article, the question of the relevance of the subject of interstate international relations, its connection with the state's internal policy and its inextricability is emphasized. The article also contains information about the concept of foreign policy, its essence, the components of the policy, and the evolution of the definitions given to the term foreign policy. When analyzing the structure of foreign policy, based on the sources, it was emphasized that the most important component of foreign and domestic policy is society, i.e. people.

This article aims to determine the security issues of Central Asia, relations with bordering countries, the development of mutual relations and plans that can be implemented in the future in the foreign political activities of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The article talks about US-Taiwan relations, the interests of the US in the region, its political views, as well as factors that may arise with the PRC.

The article deals with the issues of genesis and transformation of both “traditional” and modern conflicts, deterministic, cause-and-effect relationships in the emergence, development and resolution of global, regional and local conflicts. The paper analyzes the problems of the influence of subjective factors in the genesis of social, economic and political contradictions and conflicts of the XX-XXI centuries. , provides a kind of statistics on the emergence, development and resolution of conflicts of our time.

The article deals with the transformation of Japan's modern strategy towards China. China and Japan are the most powerful economic, political and military powers in East Asia and constitute the two main centers of power around which the regional subsystem of international relations is being formed. The rise of China is the most significant challenge for Japan's entire foreign policy, but it also offers enormous opportunities for the country's development. And the future positions of not only Japan and China themselves, but also stability in East Asia depend on what Japan's strategy towards China will be. Japan's strategy towards the PRC after World War II until 2010–2011. can be characterized as the predominance of involvement with elements of deterrence: the policy of Japan as a whole contributed to the realization of the main foreign policy goal of the PRC - the restoration of the status of a great power, which China lost during the opium wars of the mid-19th century.

In this research work, Turkey's policy towards Eastern Mediterranean and African countries is discussed from the perspective of realism. The short-term and long-term strategies of the Republic of Turkey on the continent and the results expected from them were analyzed analytically.

This article presents the characteristics of the development of migration processes in the Central Asian region and the impact on the socio-economic and political development of the countries of the region, as well as the issues of ensuring security and stability, the measures taken in this regard in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the state of their legal security, and the analysis of practical results.

this paper analyzes the strategic interests of the main geopolitical actors in Central Asia. The author shows that the peculiarity of Central Asia is its advantageous geopolitical position, as well as its vast natural resources. Due to this, this region becomes the object of geopolitical clashes between the leading world powers. The main geopolitical players in Central Asia are the United States and Russia, which, realizing their own interests, have a direct impact on the economic and socio-political processes in the region.

The article analyzes changes in the regional policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan on issues of transboundary water use in Central Asia and the development of new trends in transboundary water use in the region. In particular, the legal and institutional framework for the formation of a new regional policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the processes of transformation of bilateral and multilateral relations between Uzbekistan and the states of Central Asia, the consequences of Uzbekistan's transition to a policy of "good neighborliness" with the countries of Central Asia and its impact on the further development of relations in the field of transboundary water use. Also, issues related to the construction of the Kushtepa canal by Afghanistan and the consequences of the construction of this canal for the states of the region were studied. Based on the results of the analysis, recommendations and forecasts were developed regarding the further development of events around the use of resources of transboundary water sources in Central Asia.

The civil war in Yemen is perceived by the world in the same way as similar events in Somalia and Libya. Another war in the countries of the third world, remote and happening somewhere far away. However, in reality the situation there is different. But in order to better understand the situation, it is necessary to delve into the history of the country and analyze the causes of the conflict in Yemen. It has almost never existed as a single state – with the exception of a very brief, by historical standards, period of 1990-2004. While the Houthi movement is struggling to cope with a number of challenges in the north, its rise to power in Yemen is the defeat of Saudi Arabia on its southern flank. After the fall of the Yemeni government, Riyadh will have to use the Houthis' need for political and financial support to restore its influence in the country. But since Iran is also trying to exploit this need, Yemen has become another battlefield where two rivals professing different directions of Islam will fight each other.

The article analyzes the development of the foreign policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan at the level of developed countries in the last five years, the development of the country's foreign and foreign economic policy with the initiatives and actions of President Sh.M. Mirziyoyev, and the processes of Uzbekistan becoming an active subject of international politics. Also, in the article, as well as the results of an active and constructive foreign policy, the strengthening of geo-economic and geopolitical influence of Uzbekistan, the evolution of their impact on Central Asia, developed countries and international organizations are scientifically interpreted.

The article discusses the geopolitical aspects of water-related issues, such as the drying up of the Aral and Caspian seas, Lake Sarez, and the Koshtepa Canal project, which is being built by the Taliban Interim Government.

This article describes the processes of cooperation between the countries of Central Asia and their efforts to achieve integration. The article also describes several main factors hindering this process, and specific ways to solve it. That is, if there are obstacles to cooperation due to borders and the influence of external forces, these factors can be integrated and developed through unions such as the European Union and the historical ethnic unity of states, as they say.

The article discusses US-Taiwan relations, US interests in the region, its political views, as well as factors that may arise with the PRC.

This article analyzes the opinions of expert researchers regarding the role of the Afghan factor in modern interstate relations, in particular the influence of this factor on relations between the United States and Pakistan and on other countries, especially countries neighboring Afghanistan.

This article analyzes and discusses the role of the United States in modern international relations.

This scientific article considers main factors of contemporary political development, as well as the scientific approaches and conceptual thoughts, related to this phenomenon.

The cultural ties between India and Central Asia have a long history dating back to ancient times. India has played an important role in shaping the cultural, economic and social aspects of Central Asia. The Silk Route, which connected India and Central Asia, facilitating trade and the exchange of ideas, played a key role in the formation of these cultural ties. The influence of Indian culture can be seen in the art, literature, music and architecture of Central Asia, while the influence of Central Asian culture is evident in the festivals and customs of India. The interaction between the people of India and Central Asia has been a two-way process, with each side learning from and influencing the other. This article explores the formation of cultural ties between India and Central Asia, highlighting the key factors that have shaped their relationship over the centuries.

The article describes organizational bases and legal frameworks of the regional security policy of Islamic Republic of Pakistan, problems of shaping foreign policy.

This article is dedicated to the study of some scientific discussions about the content of the geopolitics of Uzbekistan and its inseparable part of the world geopolitics. Despite the different approaches, the purpose of the article is to reveal the original content and priorities of the geopolitics of Uzbekistan and its role as the core of Eurasian geopolitics. is to determine the role.

In the XXI century. channels of state influence on international processes and other countries are expanding. If until recently, almost the main instrument of foreign policy was considered hard power: military power, economic and technical potential, today economic successes, ideological persuasiveness and cultural attractiveness of the country are more important influencing factors than possession of nuclear weapons.

Moreover, it requires a thorough study of various doctrines and instruments of "soft power", their effectiveness and responsibility, which should be borne by a modern state using "soft power" in its interests and broadcasting its values to other actors of international relations. In view of the fact that the concept of "soft power" has acquired its development and legalization in the Russian Federation since (2013), this article is an attempt to describe and show the concepts more accurately. Russian "soft power" and in future relations with the Russian Federation, take into account its policy of "soft power" and develop appropriate actions against it for the equal development of relations, which our President Sh.Mirziyoyev once spoke about during his state visit to the Russian Federation "We We consider Russia as a major power in political, economic, military-technical and spiritual-cultural relations. Russia plays a key role in the international arena. Our views and approaches coincide on almost all issues, "Mirziyoyev addressed Putin at the beginning of the meeting.

Close engagement with Yemen has been one of the pillars of Saudi Arabia's foreign policy since the founding of modern Saudi Arabia in 1932. Saudi Arabia's policy towards Yemen has been shaped by four main factors: Yemen's foreign and domestic policy; regional and international events; the nature of the Saudi regime and its decision-making mechanisms; and the political and security implications of having a long common border. Saudi Arabia experienced three major political events in the south: the 1962 revolution in North Yemen, [1] the rise of the socialist regime in South Yemen in 1967, [2] and the unification of North and South Yemen in 1990.[3] Riyadh has used a range of soft power tools, including a network of local alliances providing economic aid and propagating its Sunni Islamic ideology – Salafi-Wahhabism – to maximize its political influence in times of stability and wage proxy wars in times of conflict. Prior to the current conflict, direct Saudi military intervention was limited to defending its border areas, such as the 1969 war with the leftist government in Aden and the 2009 war with the Houthi (Ansar Allah) armed movement.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the position of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan in world politics and bilateral relations with major power centers in the modern geopolitical space. The article also highlights its role as a regional geopolitical center in matters of security and stability.

International relations play an important role in the life of any country, including the Republic of Uzbekistan. One of the key partner countries of Uzbekistan in Europe is the Federal Republic of Germany. During the reign of the first President Islam Karimov, friendly and multifaceted relations developed between the two countries, in which elements of economic, cultural and political cooperation were traced.

This paper examines the international relations of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Federal Republic of Germany during the reign of the first President Islam Karimov and the current President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev. The main directions of cooperation between the two countries are considered, as well as the features of their interaction in the economic, cultural and political spheres. Particular attention is paid to the role of Germany in the economic development of Uzbekistan, as well as cultural cooperation between the two countries.

in this article, the great orator and scholar Kamaluddin Hussein Vaiz Koshifi, who lived during the reign of the Timurids, lived in the city of Herat, Khorasan, was a contemporary of the great poet, thinker, sultan of the ghazal estate and statesman Alisher Navoi, paid great attention to moral education, leading to the improvement of man, and wrote about his views.

Strong linkages between autocrats and the military are often seen as a necessary condition for authoritarian regime survival in the face of uprising. The Arab Spring of 2011 supports this contention: the armed forces in Libya and Syria suppressed the mass protests, while the military in Tunisia and Egypt refused to engage in the counterinsurgency efforts. To better understand these divergent outcomes, the following paper examines the factors that affect civil-military linkages in authoritarian regimes in the Middle East and North Africa. The paper argues that there are three main methods through which autocrats can either increase or decrease their cohesiveness with the armed forces: counterbalancing the military, distributing patronage or material benefits, and institutionalizing the military. Through these methods, autocrats can boost the loyalty of armed forces, improve the robustness of coercive apparatus, or place constraints on the power of the army, which, in turn, influence the military propensity to support the regime during mass uprisings.

This article highlights the results of research related to the main directions of the foreign policy of Lao People's Democratic Republic. At the same time, the article shows analysis of potential external factors that may have a negative effect on the development of the country.

This work presents a brief analysis of the use of Joseph Nye's concept of "soft power" in China. The paper describes the problems facing the governing bodies of the state in the promotion of national interests.

Today, Uzbekistan-Kazakhstan cooperation has developed in all aspects and has reached the level of alliance from a strategic partnership. In this regard, the trends that emerged and regularly developed in recent years in bilateral and multilateral relations formed, developed, and gave rise to new manifestations of public diplomacy in economic cooperation, industrial cooperation, parliamentary and cultural-humanitarian spheres.

South Asia, which is home to almost a quarter of the world's population, has complex historical formations, regional diversity and controversial national borders. This article analyses the geostrategic location of the South Asian region and the causes and stages of development of the existing regional problems in it.

This article is devoted to the study of some theoretical aspects of the concept of "soft power" in international relations, and aims to determine the positive aspects of the use of "soft power" resources for states. Historical, analysis, analogy, logical method, comparative-political analysis methods were used in the work. The article shows the differences in the tools, forms and types of "soft power" used in the foreign policy of the leading states of the modern international relations system. It is analyzed on the basis of successful examples of the introduction of "soft power", cultural and public diplomacy into foreign policy.

Modern international relations show the relevance of multilateral diplomatic relations more than ever due to its extreme variability and the emergence of new demands on various fronts. The multilateral cooperation of the Republic of Uzbekistan within the framework of UNESCO clearly shows its importance in a period full of unexpected threats. The evolution of cooperation between the parties is considered the result of establishing a high-level cooperation practice in the modern era, and its study and the activation of scientific research in this regard are of scientific and practical importance for the future. The article examines the new era of UNESCO-Uzbekistan relations through scientific and heritage diplomacy prisms and analyzes the legal foundations of mutual relations.

The article examines and analyzes the development and improvement of the money transfer market in the Republic of Uzbekistan in recent years. At the same time, the role and prospects of money transfer systems in the market of Uzbekistan were analyzed.

Abstract: The article is devoted to Egypt and the Middle East, where the author comments on democratic processes.

Over the past 30 years, one-party systems in Arab countries have been replaced by multi-party systems. This process began in Egypt in 1976 when the Arab Socialist Union split into three groups.

Later, in the late 1990s, Egypt established an electoral system that favored the candidate of the ruling party under the provisions of the Electoral Law. This was related to the constant inclusion of changes in the powers of the head of state in the constitution.

Although Egypt is officially considered a republic, we consider it a modern appearance of a parliamentary monarchy. Because the infinite government of the political leader unites the functions of the party leader and the head of state in the form of a person.

We can see the threats to western reconstruction in Egypt from the events of 2011-2013. As a result of this “Western democracy” we have witnessed that Islamic radical forces and the crisis have entered into the crisis. In general, the article is widely covered in Egypt that the developments of democratic and civil society development and sharply different from Western understanding.

This article analyzes the specific characteristics of relations between different ethnic groups in Afghanistan, which is considered a polyethnic state, their position in power, and the effect of the Taliban's Pashtunization policy on regional security. Also, the Pashtunization policy of the Taliban in Afghanistan, which is recognized as the connecting bridge of the South and Central Asian region, has an impact on relations with neighboring countries such as Pakistan, Iran, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. puts It is worth noting that one of the main threats to the stability of multi-ethnic states in the countries of the world is the constant feeling of ownership of political power by representatives of different nationalities. That is why it is important to put into practice the issue of giving legal status to the procedure of gaining power of ethnic groups. It is emphasized that without improving inter-ethnic relations and ensuring the full participation of representatives of different nationalities and peoples in the social processes in the conditions of a multi-ethnic state, it is impossible to achieve an all-round renewal of society's life, and to accelerate the processes of modernization and democratization.

The positive and negative sides of the decisions prepared on the basis of their materials are given a general understanding of the work of think tanks. Also, the initiatives of these centers to solve important problems are studied.

Researching the role of intellectual centers in solving transnational problems, being able to see the goals and malicious intentions hidden under every piece of information, studying the issues of forming the social consciousness of the population under one ideology in order to create immunity against disinformation.

To reveal the need to rely on deep analytical activities of think tanks in matters of political and economic management.

Central Asia is at the junction of the interests of large geopolitical players who try to influence the development trend in the region. The “Central Asian five” must develop effective steps to confront any external actors to take into account their interests.” About 40% of world trade is carried out between countries that are included in various associations, and many of these agreements affect the areas of international cooperation, which indicates the interdependence of economies. The main goal of the unification of countries is to realize those interests of their governments, which cannot be achieved without synergy with another country. Integration associations are necessary for the sustainable and non -conflict development of the global economy. In particular, several attempts to implement them took place in the Central Asian region. According to UN estimates, the population of Central Asia is currently 72.5 million people. The share of Uzbekistan in it is about 45%, Kazakhstan - 25%, Tajikistan - 13%, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan - 8.5%of each.

This article deals with the border issue between Afghanistan and Pakistan, including the "Durand Line" and its impact on security on the border between the two sides. Also, solutions about the political and international legal basis of solving the "Durand Line" problem using the researches of scientists of the field are put forward.

This article describes the nature and causes of the "trade wars" between the People's Republic of China and the United States in 2018-2020. The article analyzes the trade tariffs imposed on China by the 45th president of the USA, D. Trump, and the factors that caused it. Also, the consequences of the "Trade Wars" for both sides are studied in detail. In particular, it was determined that the alternative energy sector, non-ferrous metallurgy, and household appliances sectors of the USA were seriously damaged. At the same time, the political aspects of "Trade Wars" were analyzed.

This article analyzes and discusses the topic of China's relations with Central Asian countries.

The European Union and the Republic of Korea are important trading partners, with Korea being the EU's ninth largest export market for goods and the EU being Korea's third largest export destination. Both countries signed a free trade agreement that entered into force at the end of 2011. In addition, South Korea is the only country in the world to have three agreements covering economy, politics and security since 2020

The article discusses the security issues of the Central and South Asian regions, as well as the emergence of new regional challenges and threats to security that require effective approaches from countries. The difficulties of forming a regional security system within the framework of international organizations are analyzed and possible cooperation between the countries of Central and South Asia within the SCO is considered. The essence of the constructivist approach in the formation of trans-regional security is considered separately, as well as the model of A. Tickner and A. Mason.

The current state of relations between the United States and Central Asia is discussed in this article. Central Asia has long attracted major powers as a historically advantageous geostrategic region. The United States is interested in this strategic chokepoint for its own purposes. Given its role in shaping the international system, the United States has interests in every region of the world. The United States asserts that it was among the first states to recognize the independence of Central Asian states and has helped these nations establish their independence. Although the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan has had negative effects on Central Asian states, this does not mean that U.S. interests in the region have terminated. However, the US’ development of a new strategy for the Central Asian region is an essential issue. In addition, the US should use its influence in Central Asia to counter Russia’s hegemony there and prevent China’s enormous inflows.

This article talks about the origin of the term "Middle East", the factors that lead to the increasing role of the Middle East region in today's international politics and the focus of the world community, and the policies of the two superpowers, the United States and Russia, in the region, and relative approach to the conflicts there is analyzed.

Ensuring national security takes an important place in protecting the country's independence, constitutional system, territorial integrity, economic, scientific-technical and defense power from illegal aggression. This article analyzes the priorities of protecting the national security of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the factors that are important for Uzbekistan to pay attention to ensure the national and regional security.

In this article, the approaches of regional and global actors, including the United States, China, India and Iran, and the various strategies put forward by them to resolve the border problem between Afghanistan and Pakistan, particularly the "Durand Line" conflict. concepts are covered in detail. The proposals of politicians, experts, local and foreign scientists as a solution to this problem are also described.

The importance and conceptual views of Ireland's theory in modern geopolitics were studied in this article. The development of air space has equalized land and sea to a certain extent. The development of aviation made the earth much "smaller" and distances "shorter". A global strategy based on this geopolitics has led the West to establish a global power. This made the development of "air geopolitics" urgent.

Today, for any democratically rule-of-law state, it is important to prevent the dominant role of religion and the clergy in the social, political and cultural life of society. This is especially true for countries where the influence of religion on the life of society is strong and ethno-confessional contradictions take place, to which Afghanistan can be safely attributed. The article is devoted to the state and political system of Afghanistan.

The article analyzes the increasing role of digital technologies and the Internet in the foreign policy of states in the context of globalization. The activity of actors of international relations in cyberspace is investigated.

Today, Central Asia is a separate geopolitical region and Uzbekistan is an active subject in it. It was on the initiative of Uzbekistan that the regional dialogue was revived in a new era. The first consultative meeting of the leaders of the Central Asian countries in Astana was also held after the active initiative of the President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev. In order to prepare the ground for such a meeting, Shavkat Mirziyoyev held separate meetings with the leaders of all Central Asian countries in the first year of his presidency. Even today, Uzbekistan is at the heart of the Central Asian regional dialogue format and regional initiatives.