The article examines the issues of criminal liability for crimes committed for the purpose of trafficking narcotic drugs in the Russian Federation, the methods of studying such crimes, as well as the theoretical and legal aspects of this category of criminal offences. A comparative legal analysis of the legislation of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of combating illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs is conducted.

This article provides a historical and ethnographic analysis of epic storytelling and bakhshi traditions as an important part of Uzbek oral folklore. Particular attention is paid to the connections of the Alpomish epic with the folklore environment of the Surkhan oasis, especially Boysun and Sherabad, and to the role of local bakhshi traditions in preserving the historical memory of the people. The article also highlights the importance of epic traditions in ensuring cultural continuity between generations and preserving intangible cultural heritage.

This article examines the current issues related to improving the legal framework of the anti-corruption system in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The study analyzes national anti-corruption legislation, international legal instruments, and the best foreign practices through a comparative legal approach, while evaluating the effectiveness of the existing legal mechanisms. Systematic, comparative legal, formal legal, and content analysis methods were applied throughout the research. The findings demonstrate the necessity of improving the regulatory framework for corruption prevention, strengthening the legal regulation of conflicts of interest, developing anti-corruption compliance systems in public institutions, expanding the use of digital governance tools, and enhancing public oversight. Based on the findings, scientific and practical recommendations aimed at improving the legal foundations of the anti-corruption system in accordance with international standards are proposed. The research results may contribute to the enhancement of anti-corruption policy, improvement of law enforcement practice, and promotion of transparency and accountability in public administration.

This article presents the results of archaeological excavations carried out in 2025 at the Boshmontepa site in the Oqdaryo district of the Samarkand region. A complex brick kiln was discovered and studied. The structure, internal chamber system, stratigraphy, and technological features of the kiln were analyzed. The findings indicate a highly developed craft production. The site is dated to the 19th–20th centuries.

This article provides a systematic analysis of the socio-spatial transformation in the social development process of small and medium-sized cities in Uzbekistan, based on empirical research. A five-tier criteria system has been developed for evaluating these cities. As a result of the empirical analysis, the studied areas are classified into three main typological models. The article analyzes the population’s sense of belonging, the coefficient of collective solidarity, the functional transformation of the mahalla institution, and the desires to rationalize wedding ceremonies across gender and age dimensions. The findings of this research serve as a reliable methodological basis for improving the urban social environment and optimizing management decisions.

This article examines the role of women's entrepreneurship in promoting inclusive economic development from a socio-philosophical perspective. The study explores the relationship between gender equality, human capital, economic thinking, and social inclusion. Women's entrepreneurship is interpreted not merely as a form of economic activity but as a social institution that facilitates human development, social justice, and sustainable development. The research employs socio-philosophical analysis, systems approach, comparative analysis, and the axiological method. The findings demonstrate that strengthening women's entrepreneurship contributes not only to economic growth but also to social cohesion, equal opportunities, and inclusive development.

This article investigates the transformation of leadership psychology under the conditions of business process digitalization and the integration of artificial intelligence technologies. From a socio-psychological perspective, it analyzes the impact of a leader's cognitive flexibility on decision-making efficiency amid technological and systemic shifts brought about by the AI environment. The paper explores the challenges of preserving the “human factor” and corporate culture within automated work environments, and proposes actionable psychological strategies to enhance leaders' emotional intelligence and team management effectiveness.

This article examines the impact of regional dialogue formats on the political, security, economic, and humanitarian stability of Afghanistan. The study analyzes the Moscow Format, the Heart of Asia–Istanbul Process, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Contact Group on Afghanistan, the mechanism of foreign ministers of Afghanistan’s neighboring countries, the UN-led Doha meetings, the China–Afghanistan–Pakistan Trilateral Dialogue, the consultative initiatives of Central Asian states, and the Termez Dialogue. Historical, systematic, comparative, content-analysis, and SWOT methods were employed to assess their institutional capabilities, practical significance, and limitations. The findings demonstrate that these platforms facilitate political communication with the Afghan authorities, coordinate regional responses to terrorism, extremism, drug trafficking, migration, and border insecurity, and support trade, transport, energy, humanitarian assistance, and economic connectivity. At the same time, their effectiveness is constrained by geopolitical rivalry, differing approaches toward the Taliban government, weak implementation mechanisms, insufficient funding, and the non-binding nature of adopted decisions. The article concludes that sustainable stability in Afghanistan requires stronger coordination among existing dialogue formats, a clear division of institutional responsibilities, practical monitoring mechanisms, inclusive diplomacy, and the integration of security cooperation with long-term economic development.

This study examines the issue of the origin of the Ashtarkhanid dynasty on the basis of Mahmud ibn Wali’s work Bakhr al-Asrar. In order to address this issue, Bakhr al-Asrar, regarded as a primary historical source, was selected as the main object of research. A detailed analysis of the manuscript copies of Bakhr al-Asrar revealed that, in the fourth section of the sixth volume of the work, the author provided a comprehensive genealogy of the Ashtarkhanid dynasty, whose representatives lived and ruled until the middle of the seventeenth century. It was demonstrated that the genealogy of Nadr Muhammad Khan can be traced back to Genghis Khan through sixteen generations. Furthermore, a genealogical chain extending from Genghis Khan to Nadr Muhammad Khan was reconstructed. The study also explains, through specific examples, why representatives of this dynasty are referred to in some scholarly works as the “Janids” and the “Tuqay-Timurids,” and clarifies the origin of the term “Ashtarkhanids”. In addition, the research confirms once again the importance of strengthening kinship ties and gaining broad public prestige in the process of acquiring political power and state authority.

This article examines the concept of corruption risks arising in criminal proceedings before courts of first instance and the essence of their prevention. It also analyzes the legal framework for preventing corruption risks that may arise during the adjudication of criminal cases in courts of first instance.

This article analyzes Mirza Ghalib’s religious-philosophical views, Sufi thought, and the ontological and epistemological ideas reflected in his poetry. The poet’s views on unbelief and faith, existence and non-existence, divine truth, and human cognition are examined on the basis of his ghazals and letters. During the study, Ghalib’s ideas concerning wahdat al-wujud (the unity of being), Sufi contemplation, absolute reality, and human existence are explored, and it is demonstrated how his religious and philosophical thinking is harmonized with artistic and aesthetic interpretation. Furthermore, the relationship between word and meaning, multilayered semantics, and the distinctive features of creative thinking in Ghalib’s poetry are revealed.

This article examines the axiological foundations of gender equality from the perspective of contemporary social philosophy. Gender equality is interpreted as a fundamental value ensuring human rights, social justice, individual freedom, equal opportunities, and human dignity. Through a comparative analysis of classical and modern philosophical theories, the study explores the place of gender equality within the system of social values and its relationship with social stability, civil society, and sustainable development. The paper also analyzes international approaches and recent reforms implemented in Uzbekistan. It argues that gender equality should be regarded not merely as a legal or political principle but as an essential value underpinning social cohesion and democratic development.

This article analyzes the historical and philosophical role of social consciousness in the development of civilization. Social consciousness, as an important factor of social progress, has been formed throughout the historical development of humanity and has had a direct impact on civilizational changes. The study highlights the stages of formation of social consciousness, its philosophical essence, and its interrelation with the development of civilization.

This article provides a scholarly analysis of the *Avesta* and ancient Turkic written monuments as sources of ethical values formed during the pre-Islamic era. The study elucidates the essence of ethical principles reflected in these sources, such as goodness, truthfulness, justice, patriotism, industriousness, courage, humanism, and respect for nature. Furthermore, it presents a comparative analysis highlighting both the similarities and distinctive features of the Zoroastrian teachings found in the *Avesta* and the spiritual-ethical views expressed in ancient Turkic inscriptions. The findings demonstrate that the ethical values embodied in these sources significantly influenced the development of the spiritual heritage and ethical thought of the peoples of Central Asia in subsequent periods.

This article presents in detail the foreign experience of conducting preliminary hearings in administrative courts, specifically using German judicial practice as an example, and demonstrates the features and advantages of conducting preliminary hearings in this state's judicial practice.

A analysis of procedural actions during the preliminary hearing in this state's judicial practice was also conducted, and recommendations were provided on which actions can be included in our judicial practice.

The article examines the legitimate boundaries, value principles, and algorithmic mechanisms of ethical advocacy in the global media space. The research problem arises from the risk that the promotion of socially beneficial ideas may turn into manipulative communication through personalization, emotional amplification, and hidden audience segmentation. The study aims to distinguish ethical advocacy from coercive propaganda and to develop an integrated model for content creation and algorithmic distribution. Dialectical, axiological, comparative, systemic-functional, hermeneutic, and content-analysis methods were employed. The findings provide an operational definition of ethical advocacy, systematize seven principles, and introduce the nine-stage “ETIK-MEDIA” algorithm and a 100-point Ethical Advocacy Responsibility Index. The novelty lies in integrating the value content of a message with the method of influence, algorithmic amplification, transparency, user autonomy, and appeal mechanisms within one assessment framework. The model can serve as an ethical review tool for newsrooms, public and civil-society communication institutions, digital platforms, and media literacy programmes.

This article examines occupational safety and labor protection issues affecting women employed in the textile industry of the Fergana Valley between 1946 and 1960. The study analyzes state labor protection policies, working conditions, occupational hazards, the activities of trade unions, and the system of medical services provided to women workers. It also evaluates the achievements and shortcomings in the implementation of labor protection legislation during the post-war period.

This article analyzes issues related to the general description of the prevention of oppression and violence against women.In addition, this article also examines the general description of the prevention of oppression and violence against women from all aspects and its victimological aspects and components.     It is also noted that in order to identify and eliminate the causes of oppression and violence against women and the conditions that allow them, a system of legal, social, organizational and other measures of general, special, individual and victimological prevention of violations can be taken.

This article aims to analyze the legislative system of the Republic of Uzbekistan regarding the state civil service. The article examines some aspects of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On State Civil Service” and develops proposals and recommendations aimed at its improvement.

This article examines how, in the contemporary era of globalization and rapid developments in information and communication, every nation strives to preserve its unique way of life, ethnographic traditions, and material and spiritual cultural heritage. In particular, it analyzes the distinctive linguistic features that serve as one of the principal factors in the ethnocultural identity (ethnic self-awareness) of the Arabs of Central Asia.

This study examines the geopolitical role, military doctrine, and administrative strategy of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, widely recognized as the first military-administrative empire in ancient history. The research explores Assyria’s radical military reforms, the world’s first state-level intelligence and diplomatic networks, and the specific dynamics of its relations with conquered peoples and neighboring major powers (Neo-Babylonia, Egypt, Urartu, and Media). The study is based on cuneiform inscriptions, royal annals, and international archaeological findings. The topic is highly relevant not only for ancient history source criticism but also for analyzing the broader dynamics of imperial formation, geopolitical expansion, and collapse.

There is little doubt today that transnational corporations (TNCs) have become among the most powerful actors in the global economy. In some cases, their economic capacity equals or even exceeds that of many sovereign states. Nevertheless, their legal status and international legal personality remain among the most controversial issues in the theory of international law. According to the traditional approach, states are the primary and full subjects of international law, whereas transnational corporations are regarded not as direct subjects of international law but rather as objects of its regulation. This article examines the longstanding “subject or object of law” debate concerning the international legal status of transnational corporations based on leading scholarly perspectives and demonstrates that the issue is of not only theoretical but also significant practical importance. This is because the recognition of a corporation's international legal personality determines whether it may be held directly responsible under international law for violations of international legal norms.

The article analyzes the emergence and development of the theory of international legal personality, including the approaches derived from the International Court of Justice’s 1949 Advisory Opinion in Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations (“Reparations”). It further provides a comparative legal analysis of the principal doctrinal approaches to the international legal status of transnational corporations, including the traditional approach, the revisionist approach, the concepts of direct and indirect international obligations, as well as skeptical and functional approaches. The findings indicate that transnational corporations currently possess a limited degree of participation in the international legal system. In particular, international investment arbitration enables corporations to bring direct procedural claims against states; international soft law establishes standards of corporate conduct; and the draft legally binding international treaty on business and human rights currently being negotiated within the United Nations seeks to establish direct international obligations for corporations.

The article concludes by assessing the practical significance of this theoretical debate for the Republic of Uzbekistan.

This article analyzes the theoretical, legislative, and practical challenges of applying the institution of reconciliation in the digital space amidst digitalization and the shift of criminality into the virtual environment, and advances proposals and recommendations aimed at adapting national legislation to the demands of the digital era.

This article analyzes the role and significance of the Turkistan Summit within the framework of the Organization of Turkic States. The study examines the impact of the summit on the political and economic strategies of member states, as well as its role in strengthening mutual trust and regional integration. Furthermore, it explores the distinctive features of the Turkistan Summit, Uzbekistan’s position and initiatives within this process, and analyzes the proposals put forward regarding the priority areas of cooperation among the member states.

This article examines the role and distinct characteristics of the 9th-century Termiz school of Islamic learning in the development of Hanafi jurisprudence (fiqh) and Hadith traditions. The central focus of the study is a comparative analysis of the scholarly legacies of two paramount figures of this intellectual circle: Imam al-Tirmidhi and Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi. The research contrasts Imam al-Tirmidhi's contributions to systematizing the esoteric (zahir/legal) sciences, particularly comparative fiqh and Hadith methodology, with Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi's approach to uncovering the philosophical and spiritual dimensions of Islamic law (maqasid al-shari'ah) through esoteric (batin/mystical) wisdom (hikmah). The author argues that despite their methodological differences, the perspectives of these two scholars were not contradictory but rather formed a perfect synthesis that balanced law and spirituality within the Termiz academic milieu.

This article examines the civil law aspects of corruption risks arising in pledge, suretyship, bank guarantees and other methods of securing obligations. The study applies comparative legal and analytical methods to examine the legislation of Uzbekistan, Germany, the United States, Singapore and Kazakhstan, together with judicial practice. The research identifies collateral valuation manipulation, conflicts of interest, affiliated relationships, weak internal control mechanisms and insufficient digital monitoring as the principal sources of corruption risks. Based on the findings, legislative proposals are developed to introduce mandatory corruption risk assessment, strengthen compliance mechanisms, improve disclosure of affiliated relationships and enhance electronic collateral registration systems.

This article scientifically analyzes the socio-spiritual necessity of educating young people in the spirit of awareness against alien ideologies. The study examines ideological factors influencing youth consciousness in the context of globalization, the negative consequences of alien ideologies, and the role of national values in shaping the spiritual worldview of young people. In addition, social mechanisms for strengthening ideological immunity among youth, state policies, and modern pedagogical approaches are analyzed.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal foundations governing contractual relations related to the alienation of real estate (including sale and purchase, donation, exchange, annuity, lifelong maintenance agreements, and other transactions) in the context of a market economy. The author examines the impact of constitutional, legislative, and institutional reforms aimed at protecting private property, liberalizing civil transactions, and promoting digitalization in the Republic of Uzbekistan on the regulation of real estate transactions. Particular attention is given to the content of the right to private property as enshrined in the 2023 Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the international standards established by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, as well as the influence of the UNIDROIT Principles, including the principles of freedom of contract, binding force of contracts (pacta sunt servanda), and good faith, on the national legal system.

This article provides a criminal law analysis of cases involving smuggling and other criminal activities committed through the use of illegally constructed underground facilities and tunnels crossing the State border. The relevance of the study is determined by the increasing number of smuggling cases carried out through unlawfully constructed underground tunnels across the State border.

The author examines the proposed amendments to Articles 182 and 223 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, explains the legal nature of the newly proposed Article 223¹ establishing an independent corpus delicti, analyzes the distinctions between its three parts, discusses the application of the active repentance exemption, and considers the rules governing the legal qualification of cumulative offences. The article also includes a brief comparative analysis of the legislation of several foreign countries. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are presented regarding the significance of these legislative innovations for strengthening State border security and improving the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies.

This article examines the legal, methodological and practical foundations of the use of operational-search measures in combating the involvement of minors in extremist activities. In the context of the widespread use of social networks and online resources, the mechanisms of manipulation and radicalization of minors by extremist organizations, as well as effective methods and means of operational-search activities to identify and prevent such activities are studied. The article analyzes the current legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, international experience and judicial-investigative practice, and develops practical recommendations. The research contributes to the improvement of the legal-institutional system against the radicalization of young people.

This thesis analyzes the theoretical approaches of Uzbek scholars to the study of the problem of national identity under the conditions of globalization processes. It provides a comparative analysis of the works of S. Otamurodov, B. Umarov, Sh. Madayeva, Z. Odinayeva, M. Ravshanova, X. Kadirova, A. Xursandov, X. Soqiyev, and D. Kalandarova, which are devoted to the political-philosophical and socio-economic analysis of globalization, as well as to the anthropological, axiological, comparative-philosophical, and socio-political aspects of national identity. The research findings show that in Uzbek scholarly literature, national identity under conditions of globalization is interpreted not as a static phenomenon, but as a multilayered, dynamic phenomenon shaped by the influence of various socio-cultural factors.

This article analyzes the socio-ethical characteristics of spiritual poverty in the context of a renewing society based on a philosophical approach. The study highlights the essence of spiritual poverty, the social, cultural, and informational factors influencing its formation, and its impact on personal and societal development. Furthermore, the article scientifically evaluates the impact of shifts within the system of spiritual values under the conditions of globalization and digital transformation on social moral norms. It reveals the philosophical and theoretical foundations for preventing spiritual poverty, strengthening a healthy spiritual environment in society, harmoniously developing national and universal human values, and elevating the moral culture of youth. The results of the research serve to formulate scientific conclusions aimed at ensuring spiritual progress and improving socio-ethical relations in a renewing society.

This article examines the socio-philosophical essence of ensuring human dignity, its significance in the development of a modern democratic society, and the indicators and assessment criteria used to evaluate the level of human dignity. The study explores the philosophical evolution of the concept of human dignity based on classical and contemporary socio-philosophical theories. The protection of human rights, social justice, civil liberties, access to education and healthcare services, poverty reduction, transparency in public administration, and citizens’ participation in decision-making are systematized as the principal indicators of human dignity. Furthermore, the article provides a comparative analysis of assessment approaches employed by the United Nations within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals, the Human Development Index, the World Bank, the OECD, and other international organizations, alongside the experience of Uzbekistan. Based on the findings, a socio-philosophical model for assessing human dignity is developed, and scientifically grounded recommendations for its practical implementation are proposed.

This article is devoted to a socio-philosophical study of the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) and mass culture on the patriotic consciousness of youth in the process of globalization. In accordance with international standards, this theoretical research is structured based on the IMRAD (Introduction, Theoretical Basis, Results, and Discussion) format. The aim of the research is to identify the trends of "mankurtism" and personal alienation emerging in the digital space, as well as to develop mechanisms for strengthening ideological immunity by fostering national pride and a culture of military patriotism among the youth. The results show that mass culture deforms the historical memory of young people, leading to virtual alienation. The necessity of interactive visualization of historical heritage using digital technologies to preserve patriotic consciousness is substantiated.

This article explores the manifestation of the social model of reading in Western thought during the early modern period, specifically in the 17th and 18th centuries. Particular attention is given to how changes in reading culture were closely interconnected with economic, political, and cultural processes in society. Additionally, the study examines how philosophical trends characteristic of that era - such as rationalism and sensualism - shaped attitudes toward reading and text interpretation. This is illustrated through the perspectives of several philosophers, including John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, and René Descartes. Furthermore, the article highlights how transformations in social models of reading influenced subsequent social developments, substantiating these claims with scientific and theoretical conclusions.

This article analyzes issues related to the general description of the prevention of oppression and violence against women.In addition, this article also examines the general description of the prevention of oppression and violence against women from all aspects and its victimological aspects and components.     It is also noted that in order to identify and eliminate the causes of oppression and violence against women and the conditions that allow them, a system of legal, social, organizational and other measures of general, special, individual and victimological prevention of violations can be taken.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical and methodological foundations of historical memory and national identity, their socio-philosophical essence, and their educational significance. Historical memory is examined as a crucial phenomenon that preserves social experience and cultural heritage, while also serving as a key factor in the formation of national identity.

The study highlights the role of national identity in the processes of socialization, moral development, and the formation of civic consciousness. It further explores the dialectical relationship between historical memory and national identity, as well as their transformation in the context of globalization.

The findings indicate that historical memory plays a fundamental role in shaping historical consciousness, whereas national identity strengthens social belonging and value orientation. The integration of these concepts into the educational process is identified as an effective pedagogical mechanism for fostering the holistic development of individuals.

This article examines the development of the healthcare system in the Samarkand region during the 1950s and 1960s based on archival documents. The results of the study show that the network of medical institutions in the region expanded, while measures aimed at combating infectious diseases and implementing preventive healthcare programs were carried out. At the same time, the research reveals the persistence of shortages of medical personnel in rural areas, deficiencies in material and technical resources, and disparities in healthcare services between urban and rural communities.

The article provides a methodological analysis of the relationship between morality and law in the context of socio-spiritual stability. It attempts to substantiate that, although morality and law are independent normative systems, they are functionally and task-wise close to each other in social life. The role of both systems in regulating human behavior, forming responsibility, strengthening the criteria of justice, exercising social control, as well as ensuring trust, solidarity and legality in society, is comparatively analyzed on the basis of ethical-political, Eastern-Muslim philosophical, normative-legal, sociological and integrative approaches.

This article explores the socio-philosophical aspects of developing a military service culture among youth and the transformational processes within the context of “New Uzbekistan”. By analyzing the historical paradigms of the Timurid era and the Jadid movement, the study argues that military service acts not merely as a defensive tool, but as a crucial mechanism for social mobility, the formation of national identity, and “intellectual patriotism”. Integrating Ibn Khaldun's concept of Asabiyyah with theories of cognitive security, the research reveals the institutional role of the Armed Forces in integrating youth into modern state-building and civil society.

This article analyzes the origin of the name Phoenicia from historical, etymological, and historiographical perspectives. The study examines the use of the term Phoenicia in the sources of the Ancient Near East, Greece, and Rome, as well as its meaning, through a comparative analysis. In addition, scholarly views concerning how the Phoenicians referred to themselves, how they were named by neighboring peoples, and the connection between the term Phoenicia and the Greek word phoinix are discussed. The article also analyzes the existing theories regarding the origin of this term, their scholarly foundations, and their distinguishing features. The study seeks to demonstrate that the formation of the name Phoenicia was the result of a long historical process and that its meaning was closely connected with economic, cultural, and geographical factors. The findings of the research contribute to a deeper understanding of the historical significance of ethnonyms and toponyms in the study of the history of Phoenicia.

This article examines the economic development of Uzbekistan during the 1920s and 1930s. It analyzes the implementation of the New Economic Policy (NEP), industrialization, and agricultural collectivization, as well as their impact on the country’s economy. The study is based on historical documents, archival materials, and scholarly literature. Particular attention is paid to cotton monoculture, industrial growth, and the socio-economic consequences of Soviet economic policy. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the formation of Uzbekistan’s economy during the Soviet era.

This article examines the development of the prosecutor's office in independent Uzbekistan. It examines the emergence of prosecutorial bodies and their place in the public administration system. Based on this, it explores the legal foundations of the prosecutor's office's activities during the period of independence, in particular, changes in its powers and objectives enshrined in the Constitution and special laws, and summarizes development trends.

The article examines the development features of karakul sheep breeding in the southern regions of the Uzbek SSR during the 1960s-1980s. It analyzes the policy of livestock specialization, organizational changes in state and collective (kolkhoz) farms, and the sector's export value for the USSR. Particular attention is paid to systemic challenges, such as the extensive nature of production, pasture degradation, rigid planning, and the insufficient implementation of scientific research. The study is based on materials from statistical yearbooks and academic literature on the history of agriculture in Uzbekistan.

This article examines the role and significance of operational-search measures in combating cybercrime. The legal and methodological foundations of organizing and conducting operational-search activities in the context of the growing use of information and communication technologies for criminal purposes are analyzed. The article considers the main operational-search measures used in detecting and investigating cybercrimes, the procedure for their conduct, issues of collecting and consolidating digital evidence, as well as foreign experience and existing problems in the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan in this area. Practical recommendations have been developed based on the research results.

This scientific study analyzes the theoretical and practical foundations of legal education in the prevention of juvenile delinquency and offenses among young people. The research substantiates the role of the legal education system in developing young people's legal consciousness, legal culture, and legal responsibility. Furthermore, it examines the mechanisms of cooperation among state authorities, educational institutions, families, mahalla community institutions, and civil society organizations in the prevention of offenses. The author proposes a conceptual model of legal education, outlining its structural components, functional dimensions, and mechanisms for practical implementation. The findings contribute to the early prevention of offenses among youth, the strengthening of legal immunity, and the enhancement of the effectiveness of the preventive system.

This article examines the history of the emergence of horse breeding, its economy, traditions and experiences, which have evolved over centuries from natural conditions and economic traditions and have been refined through stages of socio-economic development, based on scientific and field ethnographic records by Russian researchers. The article provides a deeper understanding of the traditions and ethnohistorical processes that have existed in our region since ancient times, based on the analysis of research from the mid-19th to the early 20th centuries.

This article analyzes advanced international experiences aimed at improving human dignity through trade unions in modern society. The activities of trade unions in Europe, the USA and Asian countries to protect labor rights, create decent working conditions, improve social protection and develop social partnership are studied. The impact of international labor standards and trade union mechanisms on ensuring the principle of human dignity is highlighted. Based on the results of the study, practical proposals and recommendations were developed to improve the activities of trade unions and enhance human dignity in Uzbekistan.

This article presents a systematic analysis of Uzbekistan’s investment, corporate, labor, and environmental legislation from the standpoint of its compliance with due diligence standards set out in the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD), the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, and the OECD Guidelines for Responsible Business Conduct. The analysis is conducted in the context of the European Union’s experience with mandatory due diligence and the amendments introduced by Omnibus I Directive (EU) 2026/470.

The article also examines Uzbekistan’s reforms in implementing international labor and environmental standards, its existing capacity, and the insufficiency of the current legal framework in this area. Taking into account the key conclusions drawn from the Omnibus I package – particularly the need for phased implementation of reforms – the article proposes a four-stage model for incorporating due diligence and ESG-related standards into Uzbekistan’s national legislation. This model begins with the introduction of voluntary guidelines and mandatory sustainability reporting practices. In subsequent stages, it provides for the gradual expansion of legal obligations, culminating in the adoption of a dedicated law “On Responsible Business Conduct.”