This article analyzes views on ethical norms and human values in economic relations in the scholarly legacy of Mahdumi Azam, a great thinker who lived and worked in the 16th century and was one of the leading representatives of the Naqshbandi order. The article also describes the similarities between Mahdumi Azam's views and modern economic theory.

This article analyzes the influence of the socio-cultural and educational environment of Turkestan on the worldview and creative activity of Abdurahman Toshkandi. The study examines the Jadid movement, enlightenment ideas, the activities of the “Al-Isloh” journal, and the formation of reformist views in the social life of Turkestan. Furthermore, the article scientifically analyzes the reflection of ideas related to enlightenment, moral perfection, national awakening, and social development in the works of Abdurahman Toshkandi.

This article examines the impact of visual content on social media on young people's consciousness from the perspectives of social philosophy and axiology. The concept of “cultural immunity” is substantiated as the capacity of society to resist external ideological and value-based influences, while the mechanisms through which algorithmically generated visual streams on social media weaken this immunity are explored. The study employs dialectical, axiological, hermeneutic, and comparative-analytical approaches.

This article analyzes, from a socio-philosophical perspective, the opportunities for developing women’s social responsibility in the process of effectively implementing Uzbekistan’s new development strategy. The study examines issues related to ensuring gender equality in the country, expanding women’s participation in society and public administration, and increasing their economic, political, and spiritual engagement. It also considers the role of women in the family, education, entrepreneurship, and civil society institutions, as well as the factors influencing the formation of social responsibility. Based on national values, contemporary reforms, and international experience, the article substantiates the priority areas for realizing women’s potential. The analysis concludes that strengthening women’s social responsibility is an important prerequisite for sustainable development, social cohesion, and the development of human capital. In addition, practical recommendations are developed for further improving cooperation among the state, civil society institutions, and educational institutions in this area.

The article provides a comparative legal analysis of foreign experience in organizing prosecutorial supervision over compliance with legislation by state tax service authorities. It examines the powers of prosecution authorities in the tax sphere, the grounds for prosecutorial intervention, and the legal limits of such intervention in different countries. Foreign experience is classified into five principal models. The study demonstrates that the effectiveness of prosecutorial supervision depends not on the breadth of prosecutorial powers, but on clearly defined grounds for their exercise, procedural safeguards, effective information exchange, and objective performance criteria. For Uzbekistan, the article proposes adopting a separate departmental regulatory instrument governing prosecutorial supervision in the tax sphere, introducing risk-based supervision, and establishing electronic registration of prosecutorial inspections.

This article analyzes the process of forming the foundations of a green economy not merely as a matter of economic, technological, or environmental modernization, but as a profound philosophical, axiological, and socio-ontological phenomenon. The essence of the green economy is explored in relation to the historical and philosophical transformation of human–nature relations, the reassessment of economic growth criteria, environmental justice, intergenerational responsibility, noospheric thinking, and the principles of sustainable development. The article presents analytical conclusions based on Uzbekistan’s Strategy for Transition to a Green Economy, the “Uzbekistan – 2030” Strategy, the approaches of international organizations to the green economy, and the conceptual views of such thinkers as V. I. Vernadsky, H. Jonas, A. Leopold, A. Naess, and A. Sen. The findings substantiate that the philosophical foundation of the green economy lies in understanding nature not as a mere collection of resources, but as an ontological condition of human existence, a domain of moral responsibility, and a criterion of social justice.

In this article, the socio-economic life of the Shaybanid state (Khanate of Bukhara), which ruled in Transoxiana in the 16th century, is analyzed based on the diaries and travelogues of envoys sent by the Ottoman Turkish Sultanate. Based on mutual ambassadorial exchanges, the first diplomatic relations established by the khans of the Shaybanid dynasty with the Ottoman Turkish Sultanate can be dated to the late 15th century and the first quarter of the 16th century. The main purpose of the diplomatic relations between the two states is directly linked to the regional geopolitical strategic process. This is because forming a military alliance with the Ottomans in the Shaybanids' struggle against the Safavids was one of the important factors of that period.

This article analyzes the concepts of civil society and the state, as well as the theoretical and practical aspects of their relationship. Civil society is interpreted as a system of social institutions independent of the state, and its relations with the state are examined in four main forms: cooperation and support, oversight and balance, competition and conflict, and interdependence.

The аrticle elucidаtes the role of civil society in democrаcy bаsed on internаtionаl scientific аnd theoreticаl аpproаches. Furthermore, the principle of “checks аnd bаlаnces” аnd “governаnce through pаrtnership” models аre аnаlysed. Furthermore, the аrticle аlso highlights the reforms being implemented to develop civil society in the Republic of Uzbekistаn, аs well аs the strаtegic documents аdopted in this field.

The study demonstrаtes thаt the bаlаnce of relаtions between civil society аnd the stаte is а key fаctor determining the democrаtic development, stаbility аnd welfаre of the society.

The article analyzes the anthropological features of radicalization and terrorism based on a dialectical approach. The role of factors such as the socio-psychological and spiritual transformations occurring in human consciousness during radicalization, feelings of injustice, identity crisis, group belonging needs, and ideological influence in the formation of terrorism is revealed. The article also substantiates that terrorism is not only a political problem or a security issue, but also a complex anthropological phenomenon related to human self-awareness, value transformation, and the subjective perception of social reality.

This article analyzes George Sarton’s role in the study of the scholarly legacy of Abū ʿUbayd ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Bakrī from historiographical and source-critical perspectives. The study examines Sarton’s assessments of al-Bakrī’s personality, scholarly legacy, and place in the history of science in the Islamic West as presented in his Introduction to the History of Science. The article characterizes al-Bakrī as one of the prominent geographers of the eleventh-century Islamic West and as an author who recorded valuable ethnographic information about different peoples, their ways of life, customs, and natural and geographical environments. It also emphasizes that his works contain information on flora, natural resources, and geographical conditions and therefore constitute valuable supplementary sources for the study of the history of medieval botany. The scholarly assessments of al-Bakrī’s Kitāb al-Masālik wa-l-Mamālik (“The Book of Routes and Kingdoms”) and Muʿjam mā istaʿjam (“Dictionary of Geographical Names”) offered by Ferdinand Wüstenfeld, George Sarton, and Ignatiy Yulianovich Krachkovsky are comparatively analyzed.

This article examines the formation, organizational structure, and functions of the ministerial system in the Timurid State based on historical sources. It analyzes the powers and responsibilities of ministers in financial, military, administrative, and economic governance. The study also highlights the role of the ministerial institution within the centralized administrative system of the Timurid State and its influence on the development of public administration in subsequent states.

This article analyzes the legal and institutional foundations of the state policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan aimed at combating alcoholism, promoting a healthy lifestyle among the population, and reducing the harmful effects of alcohol, as well as its practical results. Along with the positive indicators achieved in the field of healthcare and public safety as a result of the reforms, the article highlights the current challenges and future tasks to address them.

This article analyzes modern regulatory methods aimed at mitigating bias and discrimination within artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The study demonstrates how traditional antidiscrimination frameworks (such as the EPC and Title VII) begin to fray when confronted with the "Black Box Problem" and the fragmented liability chains inherent in the AI era. By examining a typology of four primary AI regulatory approaches-prohibition, process, input-based, and output-based regulations-the author evaluates the viability of output-oriented regimes under the U.S. Supreme Court's landmark decisions in Ricci v. DeStefano and SFFA. Ultimately, the paper advocates for a revision of human decisionmaking standards and the codification of algorithmic accountability to secure equal protection and the "right to a human decision" in a digital society.

This article provides a historical analysis of the social status of blind children in Uzbekistan between 1925 and 1990, their involvement in the education system, preparation for independent living, development of labor and vocational skills, and integration into society. Based on materials from the National Archives of Uzbekistan, curricula of special boarding schools, reports of public education authorities, documents of republican seminars and meetings, and relevant scholarly literature, the article examines the transformation of attitudes toward blind children from a model of social care toward an approach based on education, vocational training, and social participation. It highlights the role of labor education, production workshops, music, sports, reading, and cultural activities in the socialization of students at boarding schools. The study also assesses the cooperation among the Society of the Blind of Uzbekistan, industrial enterprises, state educational authorities, and families as an important factor influencing the professional and social adaptation of graduates. The findings demonstrate that the effectiveness of special education was determined not merely by the number of educational institutions, but also by children’s literacy, ability to move independently, acquisition of vocational skills, entry into the labor market, and capacity to participate actively in society.

This article examines the concept of cultural sovereignty from the perspective of social philosophy, analyzing its essence, content, and relationship with the phenomenon of national art. In the context of globalization, the study provides a philosophical and methodological justification for the preservation and development of national artistic traditions and proposes a three-level model of cultural sovereignty consisting of ontological, axiological, and institutional dimensions. The research employs dialectical, hermeneutic, comparative-historical, and systemic-structural approaches.

This article analyzes the socio-philosophical foundations and practical methods of targeted work with individuals who are inclined toward radical views. Targeted work is understood not as placing a person into a predetermined “risk group,” but as a comprehensive process of examining the individual’s life situation, social relations, needs, views, and behavioral risks. The article provides a comparative analysis of such methods as individual assessment, trust-based communication, motivational interviewing, work with families, religious and ideological counseling, support in education and employment, prevention in the digital environment, mentoring, and interagency cooperation.

This study is devoted to the analysis of current trends and future prospects for the development of excursion services in the museum-reserves of Uzbekistan. It focuses on improving the quality of excursion services, introducing digital technologies, training qualified tour guides, enhancing tourism marketing strategies, and meeting the needs and expectations of visitors. The study aims to identify effective approaches to increasing the attractiveness and competitiveness of museum-reserves within the cultural tourism sector.

This article analyses the religious beliefs of the nomadic peoples of the Southern Aral Sea region – Saka–Massagetae, Sarmatians, Kangly, Huns, and early Turkic ethnic groups – who inhabited the area from the 7th century BCE to the 8th century CE, from a religious studies perspective. Totemism, animism, shamanism and cosmological world–views are examined through the Animal Style art, archaeological finds and ancient written sources. The study demonstrates that the religious outlook of these peoples developed in interaction with neighbouring civilisations and formed the spiritual foundation of subsequent Central Asian cultures.

This article examines the concepts of openness and transparency in public administration, as well as the constitutional and legal foundations for ensuring these principles. In this regard, the legal foundations of the reforms being implemented by the leadership of New Uzbekistan are analyzed using historical and comparative methods.

This article examines the history of the conquest of the Jizzakh Bekdom, which belonged to the Emirate of Bukhara, as part of the Russian Empire’s colonial campaigns in the Syr Darya basin. The author analyzes, on the basis of archival documents and historical sources, General M. Chernyayev’s unsuccessful military campaign of 1865, the Oqjar (Erjar) battle, the defensive system of the Jizzakh Orda fortress, and the process of the city’s conquest by the troops of General D. Romanovsky in October 1866. The article also discusses the heroism of the defenders of Jizzakh, human losses during the battle, and the consequences of the invasion.

This article examines the role of literary studies in developing the intellectual potential of philology students from a socio-philosophical perspective. It argues that studying literary history, literary theory, literary criticism, comparative literature, and hermeneutics contributes to the development of analytical, critical, and creative thinking in future specialists. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between literary studies and the development of human capital, intellectual culture, and professional competence. It concludes that literary studies are a crucial factor in shaping students' intellectual potential in the context of the digital transformation of higher education.

This article analyzes the role of Turkic hajibs in the history of the Samanid statehood and the stages of studying their activities. The research provides a comparative review of scientific studies conducted during the Russian Empire, the Soviet period, and the years of independence in Uzbekistan. Furthermore, it highlights the significance of numismatic data and written sources in illuminating this topic, while identifying existing scientific gaps.

This article investigates the emergence of the digital leadership phenomenon, its conceptual models, and socio-psychological foundations in modern management psychology. Amidst the rapid development of information technologies and digital ecosystems, the transformation of leadership qualities and the effectiveness of leadership models in VUCA and BANI environments are comparatively analyzed. The paper highlights the psychological profile of a digital leader along with its cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components, offering scholarly and practical recommendations for shaping a national digital leadership model within the public administration system.

This article examines the historiography of the emergence of a distinctive branch of the commentary tradition devoted to Mukhtaṣar al-Qudūrī by Abū al-Ḥusayn Aḥmad al-Qudūrī (d. 428/1037), one of the foundational texts of Ḥanafī jurisprudence. Known as the “Sharḥ Mushkilāt al-Qudūrī” genre, this tradition focuses on explaining the difficult, ambiguous, and concise passages found in al-Qudūrī’s text. Using the principal works of this genre—particularly those of Badr al-Dīn Kardarī (Khawāharzāda) and Yūsuf al-Qadūrī—the study analyzes the factors that led to its development, its distinctive methodological features, and the current state of scholarly and historiographical research on this tradition.

This article theoretically and empirically analyzes the role of the leadership institution in ensuring the stability of regional integration processes under conditions of global transformations. Within the framework of the study, the optimistic views of functionalist and neofunctionalist theories are critically reviewed, and the necessity of a political agency and a consensus-based tandem model for the crisis-resilience of integration is substantiated. The article systemizes the mechanisms of the Franco-German bilateral tandem model within the European Union and introduces the possibilities of adapting this experience to the post-Soviet Central Asian geopolitical environment based on Amitav Acharya's "norm localization" methodology. The analysis shows that regional leadership ensures integration stability through three main mechanisms-material provision (paymaster function), mediation in interstate negotiations, and the definition of normative foundations, reaching its highest significance during periods of systemic crises. The stability of integration processes depends not on unipolar hegemony, but on a bilateral partnership tandem relying on legitimate institutional cooperation, which, in the Central Asian region, requires the institutionalization of cooperation between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan.

This article analyzes the international legal cooperation of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of combating terrorism, extremism, and illicit drug trafficking within the framework of ensuring regional security in Central Asia. The main treaties and agreements adopted within the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and regional anti-drug institutions are examined from a legal perspective. The research findings reveal that the Republic of Uzbekistan operates simultaneously within three parallel institutional systems (RATS, CARICC, CIS ATC), which gives rise to problems such as the duplication of legal norms and ambiguity in the boundaries of authority. In order to address these problems, proposals have been put forward to develop a special agreement regulating information exchange between institutions and to improve mechanisms for implementation into national legislation.

This article provides a socio-philosophical analysis of the opportunities for developing women's social responsibility in the process of effectively implementing Uzbekistan's new development strategy. The study examines issues related to ensuring gender equality, expanding women's participation in society and public administration, and enhancing their economic, political, and spiritual engagement. It also explores the role of women in the family, education, entrepreneurship, and civil society institutions, as well as the factors influencing the formation of social responsibility. Based on national values, contemporary reforms, and international experience, the article substantiates the priority directions for realizing women's potential. The findings conclude that strengthening women's social responsibility is a key prerequisite for sustainable development, social cohesion, and the advancement of human capital. Furthermore, the study offers practical recommendations for improving cooperation among the state, civil society institutions, and educational organizations in this area.

This article examines the system of state administration in the Khiva Khanate in the 19th century, the activities of court and administrative officials, as well as religious officials. It considers the territorial and administrative structure of the Khiva Khanate and analyzes the functions of its main officials, including inoq, naqib, ataliq, qushbegi, vizier, mehtar, divanbegi, yasavulboshi, mahram, mingboshi, yuzboshi, and onboshi. Information on the state and religious positions in the Khiva Khanate is presented on the basis of the works of travelers and researchers, particularly Vambery and Muravyov. The study demonstrates the interrelationship between political, administrative, and religious governance in the Khiva Khanate, as well as the central role of the khan’s authority in the state system.