This article is devoted to the description of moral relationships, manifested through the actions of the characters, their internal conflicts, the author’s perspective, and artistic means of expression.

This article analyzes the ways of integrating quick sketch exercises into the pedagogical process. Quick drawing practices play an important role in developing students’ observation, imagination, artistic thinking, and creative activity. The aim of the study is to examine the scientific and methodological foundations of effectively implementing quick sketches into art education. The research employed pedagogical observation, experimental training, and comparative analysis. The results showed that integrating quick sketch exercises into the educational process enhances drawing speed, freedom, observation skills, and students’ creative exploration. The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of integrating quick sketch practices into pedagogical practice.

This article discusses the methodology for developing school students' experimental preparation in physics based on a competency approach. The stages of forming experimental competencies, pedagogical conditions, methodological foundations, and research results are analyzed.

Strategic management in higher education in Uzbekistan is deeply rooted in a comprehensive legal and regulatory framework that aligns national reforms with international standards. This paper examines how the Constitution, laws, and government decrees define the autonomy, accountability, and modernization processes of universities. The Law on Education (2020) and “The Higher Education Development Concept until 2030” are analyzed as foundational documents setting long-term priorities such as academic freedom, diversification of educational formats, and global competitiveness. The study highlights how legal instruments have evolved to support institutional flexibility, particularly through enhanced autonomy and international accreditation mechanisms. The paper also draws comparisons with the European Union and South Korea, showcasing successful international practices in balancing government oversight and university self-governance. Uzbekistan’s creation of the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovation, and the introduction of performance-based evaluation criteria reflect a strategic transition to a more accountable and innovation-driven education system. Ultimately, the research demonstrates that a strong legal base not only legitimizes university strategies but also acts as a catalyst for long-term transformation, enabling institutions to adapt to global challenges, enhance quality assurance, and reinforce their academic reputation on the international stage.

developments aimed at improving didactic and auxiliary tools of Education are created and devoted to expanding the scientific knowledge of students based on the assimilation of experimental knowledge. The fact that in the effective organization of the process of organizing, conducting laboratory classes on atomic physics and demonstrating them on the basis of virtual developments, the educator has the necessary qualifications and skills, sets the stage for the development of scientific worldviews related to this department.

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the theoretical and practical aspects of using interactive technologies in the educational process. It examines the role of interactive methods in improving the quality of education, stimulating student engagement, and effectively organizing the pedagogical process. Additionally, the study scientifically addresses the interaction between modern pedagogical technologies and traditional methods, innovative approaches, and their application in the learning process.

The article examines the use of differentiated tasks in the effective organization of the educational process. It outlines methods for optimizing teaching by taking into account students’ abilities, needs, and knowledge levels through differentiated and individualized approaches. The article also provides examples of differentiated tasks of varying difficulty levels and their assessment criteria. The potential for developing students’ independent and creative activity through the integration of theoretical knowledge and practical assignments is emphasized.

This article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the formation, substantive essence, and functional mechanisms of institutional cooperation between employers and the state within the vocational education system. The study places central emphasis on ensuring an institutional balance between the interests of the state and employers in aligning vocational education with labor market requirements.

This article discusses the development of intercultural communication competence in teaching foreign languages, the features and advantages of using internet resources in this process and its connection with other fields.

This article offers a comprehensive and conceptually enriched examination of the socio-philosophical significance of developing creative thinking among university students. Creativity is viewed as a multidimensional construct that fosters intellectual growth, enhances problem-solving abilities, and strengthens students’ capacity for independent decision-making and adaptation to the rapidly evolving technological and social landscape. The discussion situates creativity within the broader frameworks of digital transformation, innovation-driven development, and the knowledge-based economy, demonstrating its essential role in shaping socially active, culturally engaged, and future-oriented individuals. From a philosophical perspective, creativity is conceptualized as a driving force behind cultural evolution, social transformation, and the continuous generation of new meanings and practices in society. The article substantiates that fostering creative thinking not only enriches the educational process but also contributes to the cultivation of an innovative and resilient society capable of responding to global challenges and sustaining long-term development.

This article offers a comprehensive and conceptually enriched examination of the socio-philosophical significance of developing creative thinking among university students. Creativity is viewed as a multidimensional construct that fosters intellectual growth, enhances problem-solving abilities, and strengthens students’ capacity for independent decision-making and adaptation to the rapidly evolving technological and social landscape. The discussion situates creativity within the broader frameworks of digital transformation, innovation-driven development, and the knowledge-based economy, demonstrating its essential role in shaping socially active, culturally engaged, and future-oriented individuals. From a philosophical perspective, creativity is conceptualized as a driving force behind cultural evolution, social transformation, and the continuous generation of new meanings and practices in society. The article substantiates that fostering creative thinking not only enriches the educational process but also contributes to the cultivation of an innovative and resilient society capable of responding to global challenges and sustaining long-term development.

This article examines the impact of emotional factors, particularly foreign language anxiety and financial anxiety, on language acquisition within the context of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) instruction. The study was conducted among 156 students of Tashkent State University of Economics using a questionnaire, the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS), and a financial anxiety scale. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between financial anxiety and foreign language anxiety, indicating that financial stress negatively affects students’ language learning processes. The results highlight the importance of incorporating emotional and psychological considerations into effective ESP teaching practices.

This article analyses the integration of digital content and information and communication technology (ICT) tools in the process of distance learning from a scientific and methodological perspective. It highlights the effective use of digital content, the role of ICT tools in fostering collaboration between learners and teachers, as well as opportunities for developing independent learning skills. The article substantiates the importance of combining pedagogical, psychological, and technological approaches in organizing distance education. Furthermore, scientific conclusions are presented on ways to improve the efficiency of the learning process through digital resources and modern software tools.

The article presents the results of a study devoted to the development and testing of a methodology for developing the legal culture of teachers of the public education system of Uzbekistan in the process of professional development. The relevance of the topic is due to the need for teachers to develop stable legal knowledge, professional and legal skills, and value-motivational attitudes that meet the modern requirements of the country's educational policy. The paper reveals the theoretical and methodological basis of the legal culture of the teacher, defines its four-component structure, including cognitive, value-motivational and communicative-behavioral components. The developed methodology is based on a modular approach, practice-oriented learning technologies and legal modeling. Experimental verification of the methodology showed its high effectiveness: the teachers of the experimental group demonstrated a significant increase in the indicators of legal culture in all components, which confirms the effectiveness of systematically organized legal education. The practical orientation of the research allows us to recommend the proposed methodology for implementation in professional development and professional training programs for teachers. The results of the research contribute to improving the legal literacy of teachers, strengthening the legal order in educational institutions and improving the quality of teaching activities in general.

This article analyzes the mechanisms of forming digital culture in the activities of students and teachers. The research was conducted in secondary schools No. 4 and No. 11 of Nukus city. Pedagogical approaches, digital competencies, and digital ethics in the educational process were examined. The results show that developing digital culture contributes to improving the effectiveness of education.

This article examines the theoretical and pedagogical foundations of ecological education and upbringing, as well as modern forms, methods, and tools for preparing future chemistry teachers to implement ecological education and upbringing.

This study aims to investigate the pedagogical conditions and opportunities for implementing English for Specific Purposes (ESP) in Uzbekistan. It focuses on the impact of national educational reforms, the increasing demand for English proficiency, and the discipline-specific linguistic needs of students, to identify strategies to enhance the effectiveness of ESP programs and support graduates’ professional and academic success.

This article examines the pedagogical, psychological, and aesthetic criteria for selecting literary texts for preschool children. The study analyzes the role of fiction in the moral, linguistic, and aesthetic development of a child’s personality. Based on the views of V.A. Sukhomlinsky, L.S. Vygotsky, O.S. Ushakova, L.M. Gurovich, and A.A. Muratova, the paper defines key selection criteria such as age-appropriateness, educational value, narrative simplicity, and linguistic expressiveness. Recommendations on optimal text length (word count and reading duration) for different age groups are provided. The paper also discusses current challenges related to digitalization, mass culture, and the preservation of national literary values in early childhood education.

The article examines the task of developing problem-formulation competency among pedagogical university students. It also substantiates the necessity of teaching future mathematics teachers the methods of composing problems and presents techniques for generating new problems that teachers must master.

This article provides an extensive overview of the scientific-theoretical, methodological, and practical foundations of integrating cybersecurity elements into the Informatics curriculum of general education schools. In the context of growing digital transformation, developing students’ digital literacy has become one of the key priorities of the education system. The increasing need to enhance students’ skills for safe and responsible internet use further underscores the relevance of this topic. The article highlights the experiences of international organizations (UNESCO, OECD, UNICEF), the methodological approaches of leading countries in incorporating cybersecurity into school education, the normative and legal framework of Uzbekistan’s education system, as well as the outcomes of pilot experiments. Finally, a customized “Basic Module of Cybersecurity” adapted for Informatics lessons is proposed.

This article analyzes the significance of assignments from the updated edition (Tashkent 2022) for developing students' oral proficiency. Examples from the textbook are provided, highlighting their practical significance for developing students' oral proficiency.

The article provides a statistical overview of the evacuation process in 1941–1942. It analyzes the uncertainties and difficulties encountered during the evacuation.

The moral and ethical position of a teacher is closely connected with the content, direction, and quality of interpersonal communication in the educational process. It manifests as a crucial factor in shaping students’ value systems, enhancing social responsibility, and establishing humanistic principles within the learning environment. This study scientifically analyzes the influence of personal values, professional ethics standards, deontological approaches, empathetic communication, and the phenomenon of responsibility—components of the teacher’s ethical position—on the educational process. Additionally, the teacher’s moral-philosophical views, practice of personal example, reflective activity, and communicative culture are examined as factors that enhance educational effectiveness. The results demonstrate that a teacher’s moral and ethical position plays a significant role in fostering psychological stability, pedagogical cooperation, and socio-moral maturity in students during the learning process.

The article discusses the methodology of teaching Uzbek literature in an international context, the importance of modern literature education in forming life skills in students, globalization and competitiveness in the education system today, the need to develop students' creative thinking skills and provide them with knowledge that meets the requirements of the time, the fact that literature allows not only to study classical works, but also to understand modern worldviews, cultural and creative trends, and that students can analyze various problems through literature, express their opinions, and develop skills in evaluating other points of view.

This article examines the pedagogical effectiveness of integrating the case method and individual independent work in teaching English to students of economics-related disciplines. The study is based on an experimental research conducted with the participation of 182 economics students. The findings demonstrate that the integrated application of the case method and independent tasks significantly enhances students’ professional language competence, independent thinking, and ability to communicate in English in real economic contexts. The results contribute to improving the methodology of teaching professionally oriented English in higher education.

This article is devoted to the study of the chastushka as a unique linguocultural phenomenon of Russian folk culture, its historical evolution and peculiarities of existence in the 20th century.

The following article investigates the critical role of reflective practice in contemporary English Language Teacher Education, examining global trends and specific challenges within the context of Uzbekistan's ongoing educational reforms. As a global shift from a technical-rationality model to a reflective-practitioner paradigm is evident, the implementation of comprehensively, critical reflection often remains hindered by universal issues of superficiality, time constraints, and assessment dilemmas. In Uzbekistan, these are compounded by specific socio-cultural factors, notably high power distance, and infrastructural limitations. However, a policy window created by national strategies like "Uzbekistan 2030" presents a unique opportunity. This paper requests a hybrid, scaffolded model for integrating reflective practice into Uzbek ELTE, moving from descriptive to dialogic and finally critical reflection. The model is supported by practical recommendations for capacity building, cultural adaptation of tools, and assessment reform, aiming to contribute to the development of autonomous, adaptive, and critically-minded future English teachers in Uzbekistan.

This article comprehensively analyzes the key factors that form the personal and professional competencies of a “Technology” subject teacher. It is substantiated that the quality of the educational system is directly dependent on the teacher's level of preparation, personal qualities, and professional skills. The study examines the structural components of these competencies (motivational, cognitive, operational) and identifies modern methods and didactic conditions for their improvement. The findings of the article include practical recommendations for ensuring the continuous professional development of teachers and enhancing the quality of education.

This article provides a detailed examination of Isaac Newton’s method of fluxions and its historical and scientific significance in the development of differential and integral calculus. The study analyzes the concepts of fluxion and fluents, the principles of working with infinitesimal quantities, methods for determining the instantaneous rate of change of a function, as well as Newton’s approach to series theory and the geometry of curves. Additionally, several complex problems are solved using Newton’s original method, demonstrating their connection to modern mathematical analysis.

This article examines the effectiveness of a multimodal approach combining visual, audio, kinesthetic and digital tools in the formation of communication skills of students with speech disorders. Unlike traditional speech therapy methods, the developed pedagogical model is aimed at activating all channels of receiving information. The results of the study show that the multimodal model provides significant positive dynamics in the development of phonemic perception, lexical richness and coherent speech.

In this article, ideas about the development of independent thinking in elementary school mathematics classes, interdisciplinary teaching, and the vital importance of independent thinking are presented. Methodical instructions on the development of independent thinking are given, the relevance, content, methods and results of the development of independent thinking in elementary school mathematics lessons are highlighted. The role of mathematics lessons in the development of logical, analytical and creative thinking is justified on the basis of scientific and pedagogical sources.