The article examines the attention paid to the cultural and educational sphere in Turkestan during the period of Tsarist Russian colonialism, their goals and objectives, and the activities of cultural and educational circles, unions, and scientific societies that operated there.

The article examines the stages of development of migration legislation in Uzbekistan and identifies its fragmentation and instability. The novelty lies in a comparative analysis of Uzbekistan’s experience with post-Soviet states and the European Union. The results show that stability is achieved through codification, institutionalization, and harmonization with international standards. The study concludes that a comparative perspective is essential for improving the coherence and predictability of Uzbekistan’s migration law.

The article philosophically reveals the transformative processes in the interaction between social groups and individuals under the influence of developing technologies, changing social norms, and globalization. In addition, based on guidelines and recommendations for improving and using information technologies, the study provides a scientific analysis of the relationship between the state and citizens.

This article describes four fates of Muhammad Yakubbek (1820-1877), the founder of the Seven Cities State (1865-1878), statesman and military leader, related to the Bukhara Emirate (1753-1920). Yakubbek visited Bukhara four times due to the rule of the Mangids, the dynasty of the Thousand in Kokand, and political and social processes in East Turkestan. It is analyzed that this city was of great importance in the growth of his political position and the continuation of his life. Even during his reign in the Seven Cities State, he closely monitored the political and economic situation in the Bukhara Emirate. Muhammad Yakubbek's events related to Bukhara are analyzed based on information from sources and historical literature.

The article analyzes the social significance of entrepreneurial culture as a factor in the development of the entrepreneurial system. The author effectively used foreign literature to illuminate entrepreneurial culture and, through their analysis, highlighted the importance of entrepreneurial culture in the development of the entrepreneurial system. The article also reveals the role of entrepreneurial culture in the development of society, the factors influencing its formation. In addition, the article provides an author's definition of the concept of entrepreneurial culture and highlights its institutional foundations.

This article analyzes the fundamental ideas of the Naqshbandi tariqa in the philosophical heritage of Alisher Navoi and their integration with national values. Navoi’s works clearly reflect the profound influence of Sufi philosophy, particularly the views of Bahouddin Naqshband. The study scientifically substantiates the significance of syncretism—harmonious integration of religious, moral, and philosophical values—in enriching the national spiritual heritage. Moreover, the article highlights the role of Naqshbandi ideas in Navoi’s works in shaping spirituality, personal perfection, and national identity. Historical-philosophical sources, as well as methods of comparison and analysis, have been applied in the research.

This article analyzes the construction works and reforms implemented during the twenty-year reign of Muhammad Rahim Khan I (1806–1825) in the Khiva Khanate, aimed at revitalizing the national economy, strengthening the centralized system of governance, and ensuring socio-political stability.

This article presents information about the location of the existing bekliks in the Bukhara oasis at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, their geography, in particular the state of the irrigation system related to water resources, the water structures built to irrigate the territories, the processes of using water resources in agriculture, as well as the current state of the ditches dug to use the Zarafshan River, the main water source of the oasis, based on archival documents of the period and the authors' notes.

This article analyzes the specific features of pre-investigation actions in cases of crimes in the energy sector the circumstances to be established, the sequence of pre-investigation measures, the legal evaluation of documents collected during these actions, as well as the peculiarities of certain investigative actions conducted at the stage of preliminary investigation. Moreover, it examines the sequence and procedure of urgent investigative actions, along with the opinions and views of scholars on these issues.

This article examines the role of archaeological and ethnographic research in the history of Uzbekistan. It emphasizes the importance of studying material and spiritual heritage scientifically to better understand the development of society and intercultural interactions. Archaeological findings provide valuable insights into ancient urban planning, irrigation systems, economic activities, and religious practices, while ethnographic research highlights the unique lifestyle, traditions, folk art, and handicrafts of the Uzbek people.

In this article is described the first official which was held the history of population census in the 1897 and its final results are are listed below sectionary area in the Turkistan coutry. The goals and objectives of this list of population, which led by the Russian empire, who led the event, and the questions included in the census program, were scientifically covered. In addition, the statistical data on the total number of local population residing in the Samarkand, Syrdarya and Fergana regions were analyzed from a historical point of view.

This article, based on extensive historical documents, describes the formation of a unified judicial system in the RSFSR, the activities of revolutionary tribunals, the organization of tax departments under the revolutionary tribunal, regulatory legal acts that served as the legal basis for tax evasion, and theCriminal Code of the RSFSR. Based on archival sources, it is highlighted that violation of the tax payment procedure and tax evasion are included in the list of crimes in the field of state administration, and the holding of mobile court sessions by regional revolutionary tribunals in the distriks.

This article analyzes the essence of the concept of scientific foresight, its place in science and practice, as well as the scientific and practical aspects of scientific knowledge of the future. The theoretical foundations, advantages, and limitations of using mathematical methods, extrapolation, historical analogy, modeling, the expert method, and future scenarios as forecasting methods are highlighted. The research aims to enhance the ability to predict complex social processes in society, make strategic decisions, and manage innovative development processes.

This article analyzes the process of global socio-cultural changes based on a futuro-synergetic approach. The possibilities of understanding social dynamics based on the mutual integration of the theory of complex systems and futurology in modern philosophy are considered. The scientific and philosophical significance of the future-synergetic model, its role in predicting global changes, and the formation of appropriate strategic approaches to them are substantiated.

The article analyzes the constitutional guarantees of judicial protection of rights and freedoms in the Republic of Uzbekistan and demonstrates the significance of the institution of jurisdictional allocation in administrative proceedings. Using the experiences of Russia, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Germany it comparatively examines the scope of cases falling within administrative courts’ jurisdiction, dispute-resolution procedures, and the effectiveness of judicial review. The study explores issues in delineating jurisdiction between administrative and civil cases and controversies within the realm of public-law disputes.

 It proposes recommendations to remedy certain gaps in national legislation and to improve the performance of administrative courts. Drawing on foreign practice, the article highlights current priorities for expanding judicial review in Uzbekistan, ensuring effective protection of citizens’ rights and legitimate interests, and promoting legality and transparency in public administration.

This article examines the theoretical and practical foundations for improving educational and preventive work with prisoners in correctional institutions. The study focuses on the pedagogical, psychological, and social mechanisms that ensure the effective resocialization of inmates and the prevention of recidivism. The research emphasizes the humanistic approach to correction, the development of individual rehabilitation programs, and the implementation of psychocorrectional and sociocultural activities aimed at fostering social responsibility, legal awareness, and moral transformation among prisoners. Practical recommendations for enhancing the efficiency of educational-preventive programs are proposed.

This article explores the essence of the concepts “competition” and “culture of healthy economic competition,” their scientific and conceptual foundations, and their significance within the modern economic system. Competition is viewed as a crucial factor for economic development, innovation, and market efficiency. The culture of healthy competition is defined as a socio-legal environment based on fairness, transparency, responsibility, and economic ethics. The study examines the institutional and moral determinants of fostering healthy competition in the national economy and its impact on social stability. The findings contribute to the enhancement of economic culture and the creation of a competitive and sustainable economic environment.

This article analyzes aperitif drinks that were widely popular in the ancient world, examining their historical origins, composition, and potential health benefits. Since antiquity, humanity has developed its own dietary traditions and food culture, with each region distinguished by specific features in the organization of meals. One of the stable elements of such traditions was the consumption of special drinks before meals, which stimulated the appetite. Their preparation was generally determined by the natural conditions and resource availability of each particular region. The article also pays special attention to the local specificity of aperitif drinks characteristic of different cultural and historical areas.

This article illuminates the religious, social, and axiological aspects of the paternity phenomenon based on philosophical analysis. Fatherhood is considered a symbol of sacred responsibility, guidance, and spiritual maturity in human life. In religious sources, the father is interpreted as the support of the family, the main formative factor of upbringing and faith. From a social point of view, fatherhood is considered as a guarantee of the stability of society and the continuity of moral values. In the axiological approach, fatherhood is assessed as a phenomenon embodying such high human values as love, dedication, and responsibility. The article reveals the philosophical foundations of the development of paternal culture in the context of New Uzbekistan, its harmonization with spiritual policy and social life.

This article examines the development of a culture of professionalization as a complex structural development of the individual, as a necessary educational response to the challenges of today's technologically advanced social reality, and as a long-term, multi-level process resulting in professionalism in demand in the context of global turbulence.

his article analyzes the evolution of societal and state attitudes toward disability from the Middle Ages to the Industrial Revolution. While scientific and medical advancements, along with the ideas of rationalism and humanism, encouraged the scholarly study of disability, institutionalization and segregation practices hindered the full social integration of persons with disabilities. During the Industrial Revolution, disability began to be seen as both an economic and social issue; however, the capitalist labor system intensified economic marginalization. At the same time, traditions of charity and social assistance—particularly the experience of the Jadid movement—formed an important foundation for modern legislation and social policy.

The construction of the Central Asian and Tashkent–Orenburg railways stimulated the influx of Russian and foreign entrepreneurs, which significantly increased the number of industrial enterprises and expanded regional trade networks. As land and production resources in Turkestan became concentrated in the hands of large landowners, landless peasants were forced to seek employment in factories and industrial plants located in the major cities of the Fergana, Syrdarya, and Samarkand regions. Migrants from the Bukhara Emirate, the Khiva Khanate, Iran, Afghanistan, and Kashgar further supplemented this emerging labor force. Consequently, market relations expanded rapidly, social stratification intensified, and society became divided into two broad groups: on one side, the commercial-usurious bourgeoisie, major landowners and industrialists; and on the other, impoverished peasants, farm laborers, hired workers, and the developing working class.

This article presents short analysis of philosophical notion on human entity and his real goals. Also, the negative influence of totalitarian regime on human being is described. The revival of concern to the problem of human in the period of dependence in Uzbekistan is pointed out.

The article examines the issues of studying human existence, its meaning, changes in human activity in a digital society, the meaning of life, the formation of a value attitude towards it, philosophical reflections on the fundamental problems of existential philosophy, such as freedom, choice, death and loneliness, as well as the socio-philosophical aspects of the processes of their comprehension.

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the relevance and effective methods for improving moral and spiritual education within the educational system. In the context of globalization, ensuring the harmony between strengthening national values in the minds and hearts of the younger generation and developing essential modern life skills is regarded as a strategic task of today’s education. The paper scientifically and practically substantiates ways to integrate national values into the educational process and to form a spiritually mature and competitive generation through the application of innovative pedagogical technologies.

The article analyzes the formation and development of the general education system in the Uzbek SSR during the 1950s–1960s. It examines the policy of compulsory education, the expansion of the school network, and existing problems in educational quality and material support. Using data from the Kashkadarya region, the study evaluates school numbers, student enrollment, and resource shortages. The findings demonstrate that the educational infrastructure established during this period became the foundation for further system improvement.

In this article, the life, activity, and creative legacy of Mahmud az-Zamakhshari are explored in the context of the socio-philosophical, economic, and political aspects of the era in which he lived. At the same time, based on the characteristics of that period, the specific features of the development of the Khwarazm region are analyzed. Furthermore, the article provides an analytical discussion of Mahmud az-Zamakhshari’s place in the world of science and his views on how knowledge elevates a person and leads them toward perfection.

This article analyzes the social mechanisms underlying the formation of historical consciousness and axiological worldview within the framework of contemporary social philosophy. These processes facilitate the construction of individual and collective identity, the development of value systems, and the interpretation of historical experience on both ontological and epistemological levels. From a philosophical-methodological perspective, historical consciousness is not merely a body of knowledge but a socio-cultural construct that enables critical reflection and strengthens identity through axiological interpretation. The axiological worldview, in turn, plays an active role in evaluating historical realities through cultural and ideological lenses. The case of Uzbekistan illustrates how the reconstruction of historical consciousness and the formation of value-oriented thinking constitute a complex, multi-layered social-ontological process implemented through the synergy of political, spiritual, and educational institutions.

This article explores the socio-philosophical and ethno-ecological foundations for enhancing the rational attitude of humans toward nature.

This article analyzes the formation, stages of development, and the role of international airports located in the historically and culturally rich regions of Uzbekistan — namely, Samarkand, Bukhara, and Urgench — within the global aviation system. The study examines the modernization of these airports, innovations introduced through foreign experience, their contribution to tourism infrastructure, and their position in regional competition. A comparative analysis with Kazakhstan’s Almaty Airport highlights both the advantages and shortcomings of Uzbekistan’s airports. The article scientifically substantiates the strategic significance of the transport and logistics system in the development of the tourism sector.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the improvement of the legal status of participants in administrative judicial proceedings in Uzbekistan. Based on Presidential Decree the study substantiates the need to expand applicants’ rights to access administrative courts, introduce the legal mechanism of imposing obligations on administrative bodies, ensure the mandatory participation of state bodies in court proceedings, clarify procedural duties of participants, and refine the legal status of third parties. The article examines advanced practices of Germany, France, Estonia, Georgia, and Kazakhstan, and offers concrete recommendations for enhancing national administrative procedure legislation.

This article provides a comprehensive socio-philosophical analysis of the formation of historical consciousness and axiological worldview in modern Uzbekistan. It explores the interrelation between historical memory, value systems, educational content, globalization, and cultural identity. The concept of historical consciousness is interpreted not merely as a collection of facts but as a dynamic system grounded in social consciousness and values. The study further examines challenges in the education system, the emergence of the "axiosphere", value crises, and identity issues among youth, emphasizing their role in shaping the spiritual-intellectual trajectory of society.

The article examines several issues related to the study of archaeological monuments in the Kashkadarya Valley, including rock carvings, early cities, and fortifications. It also emphasizes the need for conservation, preservation, and museification of archaeological sites in order to organize excursions and promote the further development of tourism.

This article analyzes the complex relationship between religion and secularism in Middle Eastern countries and their influence on regional socio-political processes. The dynamics of religious and secular trends in the region are examined through the lens of globalization, extremism, the role of religious ideologies in the political arena, and the aftermath of the “Arab Spring”. Based on data from the “Arab Barometer”, a statistical analysis of changes in religiosity levels among youth and the general public is conducted. The article also highlights the negative consequences of existing forms of state structure in the Middle East: secular states, religious regimes, as well as entities such as the “Islamic State” proclaimed by radical groups.

The article analyzes the communication structure of medieval Khorezm based on historical sources and archaeological research. It reveals the significance of caravan routes, waterways, and the infrastructure supporting them in Khorezm’s trade, economic, and cultural relations with Eastern and Western countries. Based on information from Arabic–Persian and Western European sources, as well as research conducted by the Khorezm Archaeological Expedition in the 20th century, the article highlights the development features of caravanserais, ribats, sardobas, roadside structures, and the water transport system. It also examines Khorezm’s role on the Great Silk Road and its importance in strengthening connections with Eastern Europe, Transoxiana, and Iran. The study compares written sources with archaeological findings, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of the communication system of medieval Khorezm.

This article analyzes the process of involving women in the cooperative movement during the 1920s–1950s. It examines the state of handicrafts in the region under the conditions of implementing the policy of collectivization. Based on primary archival sources and periodical press materials, the study explores the state policy aimed at involving women in handicraft cooperative associations and reveals its essence and content.

This article analyzes the formation, stages of development, and theoretical foundations of multilateral diplomacy. It is proven that in the context of the transformation of the system of international relations, the interaction of states is increasing, as a result of which multilateral diplomacy is being formed as an important type of diplomatic activity. The article analyzes the scientific views of domestic and foreign scientists, as well as theoretical approaches of realism, liberal institutionalism, and constructivism, based on which the role of multilateral diplomacy in the modern international system is explored. Using the examples of international organizations such as the UN and UNESCO, the SCO, and BRICS, the practical significance of multilateral diplomacy, including its universal and regional forms, is demonstrated. It is concluded that multilateral diplomacy is one of the most effective mechanisms for promoting peace, security, economic development, and cultural ties in the modern era.

This article analyzes the philosophical and aesthetic essence of tourism, as well as its cultural and axiological significance in human life. The study interprets tourism not merely as an economic process but as a way of perceiving the world, attaining self-awareness, and living in harmony with nature. Phenomenological, axiological, and ontological approaches are applied to reveal the role of tourism as an aesthetic experience. The article demonstrates that the social, spiritual, and moral dimensions of tourism are closely interconnected and play a vital role in shaping the worldview of modern individuals. The results of the study contribute to a new conceptual understanding of the philosophy of tourism and its nature as an aesthetic and social value.

the purpose of this information about the material of information and information created by Central Asia, which is specific to obtaining falsely comprehensive information about educational and information issues in the civil service, is false information about the state service, as well as the development of the information and Information Service of the public service in the field of.

In the rapidly developing contemporary business landscape, improving financing procedures and expanding alternative funding methods for entrepreneurial activity is of paramount importance. Every financing method that provides capital to an enterprise has its own specific features. Traditional methods such as credit, leasing, and factoring have already demonstrated their shortcomings in global practice. The heavy burden of interest or excessive formalities often creates difficulties for the entrepreneur rather than providing support. This article provides a comparative study of the significance of hybrid financing (the synergy of debt and equity instruments) for entrepreneurial activity and the international models for its legal regulation. The research objective is to establish the legal and theoretical foundations for introducing hybrid financing into Uzbekistan's developing capital market and to develop practical recommendations based on advanced foreign experience. The study illustrates the role of hybrid instruments in risk diversification and enhancing company flexibility. Unlike traditional financing methods (bank loans or common stock issuance), hybrid instruments such as convertible bonds and mezzanine financing are considered the most effective way to raise capital for early-stage enterprises. The main body of the article compares some key legal regulation models for hybrid financing. Based on the analysis, the necessity of introducing relevant amendments to Uzbekistan's legislation, primarily to the Laws "On the securities market" and "On joint-stock companies and protection of shareholders' rights" is substantiated for the implementation of hybrid instruments. Key tasks include establishing a clear legal status for convertible debts, strengthening investor protection mechanisms, and simplifying disclosure requirements.

This article analyzes the origin, essence, and contemporary manifestations of the subcultural phenomenon from a socio-philosophical perspective. The concept of subculture is interpreted as a group culture, formed within the framework of the general culture of society, but differing in its individual values, symbols, and customs. The article highlights the factors contributing to the emergence of subcultures - youth identity, social inequality, globalization, and digital communication processes. The formation of digital, musical, fashion, sports, virtual, and socio-political subcultures in modern conditions, as well as their positive and negative aspects, are considered. In particular, the influence of global subcultures emerging under the influence of the internet and mass culture on national culture was analyzed. In conclusion, the phenomenon of subculture enriches the cultural diversity of society, but can also enter into conflict with social values.

The article examines the development of Uzbek cinematic art, issues of historical accuracy in scientific research on cinema, as well as decisions and views aimed at portraying the Soviet regime as superior to all other systems.

This study explores the historical genesis and subsequent evolution of paradigms of innovation, tracing their conceptual origins, theoretical transformations, and practical implications across different periods of socio-economic and scientific development. By examining the interplay between technological change, institutional frameworks, and epistemological shifts, the paper highlights how innovation has been framed not merely as a technical process but as a paradigm that reshapes modes of knowledge, cultural practices, and social organization. The analysis situates innovation paradigms within broader intellectual traditions, showing their continuity and ruptures from early industrial models to contemporary digital and post-industrial frameworks. In doing so, it contributes to a deeper understanding of how innovation functions as both a driver of progress and a reflection of evolving societal values.

The article discusses the necessity of relationships between people in the emergence of society. Concepts such as civilization, development, democracy, civil society, state. Uzbekistan is among the developed, socio-economically stable and democratic states of the world with high human interests. The evolution of humanity shows that people gradually formed a society from a clan, tribe, community and gave rise to the concepts of a state. Socio-philosophical study of methodological and scientific problems of a healthy lifestyle and socio-hygienic criteria.

This article discusses the historically formed traditional medical services in Turkestan, the role of folk medicine in social life, medical practice and its impact on population participation. The specific features of this system, various treatment methods and the connection of this assistance with later medicine are analyzed.

This article analyzes the process of establishing military courts in the Republic of Uzbekistan and the adoption of the first regulatory documents. The Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 28, 1992, recognized military courts, created to replace military tribunals, as part of the general judicial system. The article highlights the legal status of military courts, their place within the judicial system, and the regulatory documents that served as the legal basis for their development. It also examines the powers of military courts, oversight of their activities, and issues related to their material and technical support.

This article analyzes the multi-layered nature of socio-political cooperation in the process of developing ideological reforms in the region. The role of national values, historical memory, and civilizational heritage in the ideological paradigm is revealed as a conceptual foundation, and they are interpreted as internal sources of ideological stability in society. Furthermore, the influence of international cooperation on ideological processes is explained through Habermas's concept of the "public sphere," while the strategic functions of regional integration are elucidated through Putnam's theory of "social capital."

This article examines the phenomenon of selflessness in the activities of the Jadids from the perspective of positivist philosophy. It explores the historical roots of prioritizing collective interests over personal ones, as well as their scientific and philosophical interpretations. Particular attention is given to Auguste Comte’s introduction of the concept of “altruism” into science and philosophy, highlighting its importance for social progress. The article analyzes the Jadids’ views on selflessness through the works of Fitrat, Behbudi, Avloni, and Cholpon, arguing that their ideas were shaped by the synthesis of national and religious values. Furthermore, the psychological, sociological, and ethical dimensions of selflessness are discussed in detail, showing it as a complex phenomenon grounded in empathy, compassion, responsibility, and moral values. The study concludes that for the Jadids, selflessness was not merely a moral virtue, but a necessary condition for the spiritual awakening and development of the nation.

The article analyzes the reports of E.K. Meyendorff on his journey to Bukhara in the early 19th century within the framework of the Russian diplomatic and trade mission led by A.F. Negri. It highlights the political and economic goals of the expedition, including trade expansion, mapping and the release of Russian captives.

The novelty of the work lies in presenting the mission as not only a diplomatic attempt but also as an intelligence-gathering enterprise, combining political, geographical, and ethnographic observations.

          The results show that despite the failure to conclude official agreements, valuable information about Bukhara’s internal life, trade routes, natural resources, and neighboring states was collected.

The study concludes that Meyendorff’s report became one of the main sources for studying Bukhara and Central Asia in Russian and European oriental studies.

The relevance of this research lies in the fact that, in recent years, theft has become one of the most widespread and common types of crime in the modern world. In our country as well, statistical data confirms the prevalence of this crime. Half of all registered crimes are related to theft — the unlawful taking of someone else's property. Every fourth theft (25.5%) involves unlawful entry into a home, room, or other storage facility.

This article discusses the introduction of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR in Turkestan, adopted by the RSFSR CEC, its publication on April 20, 1920 as the “Basic manual on the Criminal law of the Turkestan autonomous republic of the RSFSR”, and its entry into force on the territory of Turkestan on May 21, 1922 by the decision of the Turkestan Central Executive Committee. It also discusses the inclusion of acts such as violation of tax payment procedures and tax evasion in the category of crimes related to state administration, the types of punishments and liability established for them and information on its results, based on archival sources.

The article describes the economic relations between the Emirate of Bukhara and Iran in the second half of the 18th century to the mid-19th century. It mainly highlights the economic ties between the Qajar rulers and the emirs of Bukhara.

The article examines the conceptual aspects of ensuring the rights of persons with disabilities. In modern public policy, disability is assessed not only from a medical perspective but also from social and legal standpoints. Based on the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the Standard Rules, and WHO recommendations, the paper analyzes measures for rehabilitation, equal access to education, employment, and cultural life. It discusses the harmonization of national and international norms, ensuring equality of opportunities, improving social infrastructure, and fostering long-term cooperation between the state and society.

This article explores the philosophical foundations of decision-making in contemporary management through the concepts of freedom, will, and systemic thinking. It interprets decision-making as a moral and social form of human existence. Drawing on the works of Kant, Hegel, Weber, Simon, Giddens, Habermas, and Luhmann, the study conceptualizes decision-making as a dialectical process between subjective agency and systemic constraints. The discussion also addresses the diminishing role of human agency under algorithmic governance and digital systems. The findings emphasize the need to restore the humanistic and ethical dimensions of management philosophy.

This article analyzes the issues of protecting the rights and legitimate interests of individuals at the stage of initiating a criminal case. Particular emphasis is placed on defining the legal status of individuals in order to safeguard their rights and legitimate interests during the pre-investigation stage. The article examines not only national and foreign legislation but also the opinions of scholars.

This article illuminates the social essence and cultural functions of language based on socio-philosophical analysis. Language is interpreted as the basis of the existence of society, a means of forming social consciousness and thinking. Also, language is studied as an integral carrier of culture, values, national heritage, and social memory. In the era of globalization and digital technologies, the new communicative possibilities of language and its significance in intergroup interaction are also analyzed. In national and global processes, the unifying, ensuring continuity, and forming of new social values functions of language are shown.

This article analyzes the reforms carried out in Uzbekistan to ensure gender equality, their legal framework, and practical results. The research examines the socio-political importance of gender policy, its compliance with international standards, and state programs aimed at strengthening equality between women and men. Analytical, comparative, and empirical methods were used to study the current state of gender equality, identify existing problems, and develop practical recommendations. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of measures aimed at enhancing gender culture, expanding women’s participation, and strengthening the principles of social justice in the country.

This article philosophically analyzes the axiological meaning of the concept of devotion in the relationship between the individual and society. Loyalty has long been considered as the main spiritual and moral value that strengthens human relations and ensures social stability. In the development of society, the individual's adherence to their duty, national values, traditions, and customs is highlighted as a guarantee of social harmony and unity. The role of devotion in the formation of social institutions, civil society, and national identity is also shown. The study analyzes the expression of the concept of loyalty at the personal and social levels, as well as its significance as a spiritual criterion in the modern era. As a result, loyalty is scientifically substantiated as an axiological basis that harmonizes the relationship between the individual and society.

This article provides information about the origin and development stages of ecotourism in Shakhrisabz. It also briefly discusses the impact of ecotourism on the state budget. It was emphasized that ecotourism is the most effective tool for implementing economic and social production in a developed country, as well as the need to implement it in accordance with the program.

This article presents information on the philosophical aspects of developing the aesthetic taste and thinking of young people on the basis of national musical heritage. It presents information on the fact that music is a means of education with enormous influence, a soul food that can give life-giving strength to the human psyche, and it helps people to enjoy, relax, enjoy, have fun, find peace, think, and engage in philosophical reflection.

This article analyzes the large-scale measures taken in the Republic of Uzbekistan to modernize the education system, strengthen its material and technical base, and expand international cooperation in 1998–2021. Using the example of Bukhara, Navoi, and Samarkand regions, it covers state and international investments in preschool education, general secondary education, vocational and academic lyceums, public-private partnership mechanisms, and construction, reconstruction, and equipment work carried out in educational institutions. Issues such as professional development, attracting foreign experience, and updating the content of education are also covered in detail.

Under the pretext of resettling Russian-speaking populations, local inhabitants were forcibly deprived of their lands, and rifles were distributed to protect newly arrived Russian peasants. The expansion of monetary relations and the spread of usury, along with increasing unemployment, led the authorities to seek ways to reduce the number of jobless people by relocating them to Turkestan. As the rural population continued to decline, forced resettlement into Turkestan intensified. Efforts were made to develop the lands of Mirzachul, while at the same time restricting the movement of new settlers. Thus, population resettlement to Turkestan, the development of Mirzachul lands, and the imposition of settlement prohibitions became key components of the imperial policy.

This article discusses the issues of social protection and employment of disabled people of World War II using the example of Uzbekistan. It analyzes the procedures for assigning benefits by disability groups, the legal significance of the pension certificate, and forms of material assistance provided by the state. It also extensively examines the system of retraining, employment, and social benefits for disabled people. Based on practical experience in the Kashkadarya region, mechanisms for supporting disabled people and their families are highlighted. The study reveals the economic and moral significance of the system of employing disabled people in ensuring the stability of society during the war.

This article examines the significance of the concepts of "Welfare State" or "Social State" using the example of the model of Scandinavian countries. In the economic and social policy of the Scandinavian model, the main features of the "Nordic model" are the central coordination of wage negotiations between employers and trade union organizations, the so-called social partnership, the peaceful resolution of the class conflict between capital and labor, which has been studied from a scientific-theoretical and philosophical point of view. The three countries in Scandinavia are constitutional monarchies, while Finland and Iceland have been republics since the 20th century. However, all Scandinavian countries are characterized as highly democratic states, all of which have unicameral legislative power and use proportional representation in their electoral systems.

This article analyzes the political and theoretical foundations of the concept of “national interest,” its formation process, and its manifestation in foreign policy. It is emphasized that the formation of national interests is a complex and multi-stage process that requires the cooperation of political institutions, state bodies, political parties, and civil society institutions. Drawing on the concepts of scholars such as H. Morgenthau, P. A. Sigankov, J. B. Durasel, V. Trukhachev, and V. Germayer, the article discusses the permanent (central) and variable (secondary) forms of national interests, their role in international relations, and their importance as a factor determining the priorities of state foreign policy. Within the framework of political realism, the dynamic nature of national interests and their interconnection with the internal political mechanisms of the state, as well as with ideological, economic, and cultural factors in society, are scientifically explained.

This article examines the history of the spread of Sufism in Turkestan and the life of Al-Haqim At-Termizi, who made a significant contribution to its emergence in our region. It provides a scientifically substantiated account of the essence and significance of Sufism, based on Sunni dogma and ideas, and its influence on the development of our region.

Gender equality, like gender equality, is currently one of the basic principles in post-Soviet countries, including in countries where gender identity is socio-political and Zionist. It proposed several approaches to defining gender equality, as well as the role of women in social and social development.

This article analyzes the process of formation of theolinguistic thinking in modern society and its social significance. The study highlights the interrelationship between language and religion, the role of religious discourse in the formation of social consciousness, and the role of the theolinguistic approach in the system of spiritual communication. The author analyzes the phenomenon of theolinguistics in the context of sociocultural changes, spirituality, and global communication, substantiating its significance as a stabilizing factor of human thinking in modern civilization. The article provides an integrated analysis of religious language, communication culture, and moral values based on hermeneutic, sociolinguistic, and socio-philosophical methods. As a result, theolinguistic thinking is interpreted as a conceptual approach that ensures spiritual harmony and social stability in society.

This article analyzes the social protection system for persons with disabilities in Uzbekistan from legal, institutional, and practical perspectives. The study examines the existing legal framework, the state of social services, and international experiences—particularly those of Germany, South Korea, and Canada—through a comparative approach. It also explores issues related to disability assessment and registration, the level of digitalization, and regional disparities. Based on the research findings, recommendations are proposed to improve the social protection system, modernize registries and statistical databases, make infrastructure barrier-free, and introduce inclusive communication tools. The study concludes that in the context of New Uzbekistan, ensuring social justice, equal opportunities, and digital inclusivity for persons with disabilities requires further deepening of socio-political reforms.

The spiritual life of every nation develops in harmony with its national idea. If this idea does not take root in the minds of young people, the spiritual foundation of society will not be strong. This article explores the philosophical essence of the national idea, its influence on the worldview and moral decisions of youth, as well as the interrelation between spirituality and ideology in modern Uzbek society. The analysis is based on real-life observations, educational experiences grounded in national values, and contemporary scholarly sources.

This article analyzes the concept of national interest in the context of New Uzbekistan, its formation, and its role in state policy. The significance of national interest in political, economic, social, and cultural spheres is demonstrated through real examples and statistical data. The research results confirm the central role of national interest in New Uzbekistan’s development strategy.