This article analyzes how information related to the social and everyday life of the population in the Surkhandarya region is presented in the periodical press, as well as the contribution of writers and journalists to this process. The study examines methods of covering social issues in local newspapers and magazines such as “Surxon Tongi,” “Termiz Ovozi,” “Denov Sadosi,” “Boysun Hayoti,” “Sho‘rchi Hayoti,” and others. Additionally, the article explores the role of regional writers and journalists in highlighting social problems, shaping public awareness, and promoting everyday social issues.

This article discusses the administrative system of the Shahrisabz beklik, which was considered one of the important socio-political, economic, and cultural centers of the Bukhara Emirate in the second half of the 19th century.

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the institution of unnamed and mixed contracts in the field of sports from the perspective of civil law. Labor/civil contracts between professional athletes and clubs, the legal nature of football player transfer agreements, and advertising and sponsorship contracts involving athletes are considered as legal constructions belonging to the group of mixed and unnamed contracts. Comparative analysis is conducted based on the legislation of the USA, the United Kingdom, Russia, other CIS countries, and Uzbekistan, as well as FIFA’s “Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players” (RSTP). Based on scientific and practical analysis, it is argued that a football player transfer is not the “sale of goods,” but an unnamed civil-law contract concerning the transfer of entitlement rights between clubs and the registration of the athlete.

This scientific article analyzes the social and educational activity of women in the Jadidist movement in Turkestan in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. For many years, the activities of mainly male Jadidists - thinkers such as M. Behbudiy, A. Fitrat, A. Avloniy - have been studied as the main driving force of this movement. As a result, the traditional view was formed that Jadidism was an exclusively male movement. However, modern historical research and newly discovered sources show that the practical implementation of the ideas of national revival, including the establishment of new method schools, the development of the press, and charitable work, was a process that would not have been possible without the active participation of female Jadids. The article rejects the traditional view that Jadidism was an exclusively male movement and aims to scientifically substantiate the decisive role of female Jadids in the process of national revival, the elimination of illiteracy, and the modernization of society.

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the political and institutional mechanisms embedded in the digital government models of Estonia and South Korea, highlighting their theoretical and practical significance for improving the efficiency of public administration. The study conducts a comparative assessment of the two countries’ experiences based on key criteria such as interactivity, transparency, accountability, data governance, open data policy, and citizen participation. Furthermore, the article identifies the differences between Estonia’s infrastructure-centered model (X-Road, eID) and South Korea’s platform-oriented approach (e-People, KONEPS, Gov24), and scientifically evaluates the prospects for adapting these models to the context of Uzbekistan. The findings offer concrete recommendations for modernizing public administration, strengthening citizen engagement, and enhancing open and accountable governance mechanisms within the framework of the “Uzbekistan – 2030” strategy.

The article examines the ecological situation of Karakalpakstan and its impact on social life, as well as the changes arising as a result of the ecological crisis. It also considers directions for strengthening the principles of environmentally sustainable development and analyzes the interrelationship between the ecological crisis, humans, and the environment.

This article analyzes the state policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the reforms being implemented, the expansion of sports infrastructure, public involvement in sports, and existing challenges in the development of physical education and mass sports. Based on scientific sources and regulatory documents, proposals are presented for improving the physical education system.

The article examines the criminological aspect of the impact of dangerous online content on adolescent delinquent behavior, including manipulative tasks and destructive online groups. The study examines the psychological and social mechanisms that engage adolescents in risky behavior. Factors of the online environment that contribute to the formation of deviant attitudes are also analyzed. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, close attention is paid to the legal framework governing the protection of minors in the digital space and the practice of identifying and suppressing harmful content by law enforcement agencies. Proposals for improving the national prevention system, including legal, organizational, and socio-psychological measures, are formulated based on an analysis of international experience. The research results can be applied in preventive programs, lawmaking, and scientific and practical activities aimed at ensuring the information security of young people.

The article examines the impact of digitalization on criminal proceedings in the Republic of Uzbekistan and the need to reform procedural mechanisms for investigating crimes in the field of digital finance. The author identifies gaps in legislation related to the lack of procedures for temporarily suspending the circulation of crypto-assets and electronic funds. The concept of a "digital criminal process" and a draft of a new Article 2301 of the Criminal Procedure Code, providing for such measures, are proposed. The work aims to develop an effective model of digital justice that ensures a balance between the efficiency of investigative actions, the protection of individual rights, and compliance with international standards set by the FATF and Egmont Group.

This article examines the organization and procedures of military service in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan, along with the legal status, duties, and responsibilities of servicemen. It highlights the legal framework for conscription, contract-based service, and the mobilization reserve. The study also addresses the processes of medical examination, candidate selection, reforms in military legislation, and existing practical challenges. Additionally, it discusses military service as a special type of public service and outlines the associated legal restrictions. The article also examines in detail the development of trends related to state sovereignty, territorial integrity, determining the position of the armed forces in protecting the peaceful life and security of the population, and military service during the years of independence. The article focuses on the development of types of military service as an innovation, the specifics of the organization of military service on a contractual basis.

After the retreat of marine waters from Central Asia during the Cenozoic era, the runoff from mountain streams created favorable conditions for the development of the region’s flora and fauna. Following Russia’s conquest of Turkestan, the resettlement of Russians to the region was regarded as “a matter of state importance.” As attention to the expansion of cotton cultivation increased, irrigation canals were constructed in the Mirzachul steppe as well. However, the measures initiated by the colonial administration—undertaken without proper consideration of the natural and soil characteristics of Mirzachul—failed to produce the expected results.

This article analyzes the restoration and development of the socio-economic life in the 1950s in the Mitan, Forish, and Dargom districts based on archival documents. It is shown that the difficulties following World War II, resource shortages, and the deterioration of technical infrastructure led to a slowdown in production in these areas, particularly a decline in livestock productivity due to the failure to meet fodder production plans. Furthermore, the increase in the local budget of the Dargom district, as well as the provision of allowances and awards to large families, indicates the development of the social protection system. Special attention is also emphasized on the expansion of medical services to preserve the health of workers and improve labor productivity. The article reveals the complexity of the economic and social recovery process in these regions.

This article examines the concept of ethical views of ar-Razi. According to the thinker, reason plays a comprehensive and special role in the life of a person, who is the only intelligent being on earth. Thinker, having analyzed the nature, dryness and existence of passion comes to an unambiguous and final conclusion that the nature of passion is regional. The real ratio of parts of the soul is far from ideal. Category such as "love" and "affection", an essential place is in the ethical teachings of the thinker. Ar-Razi considers all spheres of being as a field of human activity - a rational and moral creature capable of subordinating his actions to the motives of good. The meaning of human life. according to ar-Razi lies in the ability to distinguish between good and evil in the world.

This article analyzes the role and importance of architectural monuments in the development of pilgrimage tourism in the Kashkadarya region. It covers the historical, cultural and religious aspects of ancient architectural monuments in the region, their role as a spiritual value for pilgrims on a scientific basis. Architectural monuments in Kashkadarya are evaluated not only as a religious and spiritual center, but also as a factor in regional economic development and the development of international tourism relations.

This article discusses modern teaching technologies and the methodological approaches associated with them, aimed at creating favorable conditions for forming essential knowledge, important regularities, and numerous fundamental concepts in teachers in a relatively easy, in-depth, and sustainable manner.

The article examines the formation of national history in collective memory, the means of its formation, the social influence of historical processes on the life of society. At the same time, in the process of understanding history and knowledge of facts, scientific and practical problems of history, everyday life of society, the manifestation of collective memory, the social image of history, the formation of a social ideal, national specific values, traditional rituals of various social groups in their own way. Development of collective egocentric characteristics are revealed as a result of the impact on the consciousness of community members, which causes an assessment of the past and the formation of social imagination. The role and significance of national social memory in modern global society, the disclosure of its social, socio-philosophical, cultural, educational and political functions is the cause of an urgent problem of our time, leading world communities and some non-political forces have their own views, high In addition to hegemony, conspiracy theories have been identified the problem of creating false historical remedies between peoples and nations and thus preventing the destruction of the existing social order in society.

This article is devoted to the scholarly study of the place and role of the Sogdian language in the history of Turkestan. Using scholarly data, the author examines the origins of the Eran languages in Turkestan, the history of the Iranian and Turkic languages in the region, their mutual influence, and their impact on the culture, traditions, and customs of local peoples. He also outlines his perspective on the origins of the Sogdian language.

This study examines the historical and conceptual transformation of China’s foreign policy from Mao Zedong to Xi Jinping. It explores how traditional Chinese philosophy, the revolutionary legacy of the PRC, and the strategic visions of successive political leaders have shaped China’s foreign-policy framework. Political leadership is analyzed as a central factor driving the evolution of China’s international behavior, highlighting the distinctive approaches of Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao, and Xi Jinping. The research also evaluates the theoretical contribution of the “relational theory” and its relevance to understanding China’s expanding role within the contemporary international system.

This article analyzes the problem of human perfection in Sufi philosophy through the dialectical unity of Sharia, Tariqa, Ma‘rifa, and Haqiqa. Based on the teachings of Central Asian Sufi traditions such as Yassawiyya, Khojagan, and Kubrawiyya, the study highlights the integral role of self-discipline (nafs education) in achieving spiritual and moral maturity. Drawing on the ideas of Ahmad Yassawi, Yusuf Hamadani, Abdulkhaliq Ghijduwani, and Mustamli Bukhari, the article examines anthropological, ontological, and epistemological aspects of Sufism. It also reveals the harmony between Sufi philosophy and Islamic doctrine, emphasizing the synthesis of rational approaches and mystical-intuitive knowledge within Sufi thought.

This article describes the emergence of the genres of modern fiction of the New Age: epic, lyric and drama, genres, trends, high passion and strong characters, and the definition of fiction of this period as "modern fiction". The socio-economic, political and spiritual-cultural processes of this period, the social status of creators and people's attitude to fiction, on the one hand, literature, on the other hand, is characterized by the fact that fiction has all the new modern features.

This article examines the current challenges of using digital and internet technologies in the educational process. In the context of digital transformation, methodological, technical, and social issues affecting the quality of education are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to digital inequality, information security, the development of teachers’ digital competencies, and students’ independent learning skills. The study emphasizes the need for a systematic and comprehensive approach to the effective integration of digital technologies into education.

The article examines the problem of human self-identification in the new social reality, the transformation of identification strategies as a response to the challenges of modernity, its forms, features, structural levels, meaning and consequences.

This article analyzes the role and significance of social networks in shaping public opinion through religious content. It examines the positive and negative effects of social media on the development of religious consciousness, effective methods of utilizing these platforms, and their role in strengthening a healthy religious environment in society, all based on scientific evidence.

This article discusses the features of the functional capabilities of the new Uzbekistan state mechanism. In recent years, deep reforms have been carried out in the system of public administration of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The main goal of these reforms is to make the state mechanism more effective, transparent, and human-centered. The state mechanism of New Uzbekistan not only includes modern management principles, but also serves to form the country as a competitive state in the international arena at a new stage of development.

This article examines the legal grounds for exempting minors from criminal liability or punishment, the specific legal nature of such exemptions, and the approaches reflected in current national and foreign legislation. It also analyzes the opinions and scholarly contributions of researchers who have studied this issue. Special emphasis is placed on the role of minors’ psychological characteristics, their level of social development, as well as the circumstances and causes of the offense in determining whether a minor may be released from criminal liability.

This article provides a philosophical analysis of the role of harmony between religious and secular values in ensuring social stability. The study examines the moral and spiritual potential of religious values alongside the legal and institutional significance of secular values, highlighting their complementary functions within society. Drawing on the intellectual heritage of Eastern scholars and modern philosophical approaches, the paper substantiates the importance of value balance in promoting social stability, civic solidarity, and spiritual security. The findings are of theoretical and practical significance for developing contemporary socio-spiritual policies.

The article analyzes the objective and subjective factors influencing the formation and development of the ideosphere of society, emphasizing their significance in ensuring the meaningful and sustainable development of the social ideosphere. It is also scientifically and theoretically substantiated that the formation of a society’s ideosphere is organically interconnected with the complex processes of its socio-historical development.

This article examines the role of specialized training, education, and professional development of judges in ensuring modern public administration and the rule of law. It provides a scholarly analysis showing that judicial activity requires a high level of responsibility, and that the professional competence of judges is a decisive factor in establishing justice within society. The article emphasizes that enhancing the qualifications of judges is a priority direction of state policy, explores reforms aimed at improving the quality of personnel in the judicial and legal system, and highlights the importance of specialized educational institutions in this process. Based on international experience, the adaptability of contemporary models of judicial training and their significance in protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens are also analyzed.

The article explains the concept of modern urbanism, its emergence, and its current form, and at the same time discusses the positive impact that these factors have on the well-being of the population.

This article discusses the creation of a law enforcement system to prevent crime in the Kashkadarya region (the situation after 1924). The author, relying on historical data and existing scientific literature, studied and analyzed the specific aspects of the creation of a law enforcement system to prevent crime in the Kashkadarya region.

This article discusses the history of the Kokand Khanate, which was the last of the Central Asian khanates to be established and was later abolished as a khanate as a result of the invasion by the Tsarist government, after which it was reorganized as a new province. The article covers the main spheres of the state such as agriculture, handicrafts—including the specialization of cities in particular crafts—and trade and commerce, as well as the activities and reigns of its rulers.

This article analyzes the historical formation of social rights along with their philosophical, legal, and political foundations. It highlights the stages of development—from ancient times to the modern international legal system—examining key ideological sources and the process of institutionalizing social rights through national and international documents.

This article analyzes the place and significance of custom and tradition as important auxiliary sources of Islamic law. Custom, which is continuously repeated in social life and accepted as a general practice, serves as an important criterion in the formation of jurisprudential rulings. In the Hanafi school, custom–based on the Qur’anic and Prophetic concept of maʿruf–is not only an auxiliary source, but is also applied as a primary criterion in determining many practical rulings. The article discusses types of custom such as verbal and practical custom, general and specific custom, sound and corrupt custom, fixed and variable custom, as well as the necessary conditions for considering custom in legal rulings. The jurisprudential significance of custom, its role in regulating social relations, and its function in ensuring the objectives of Sharia–justice, ease, and benefit–are examined on a scientific basis.

This article covers the concept of bioaesthetics and its essence, form and movement harmony. The relationship between the concepts of form and movement is shown, and bioaesthetics is a science that studies beauty. It was shown through comparative analysis that bioaesthetics is a component of aesthetics, beauty and its laws cannot be understood without aesthetic knowledge.

Many works on the science of hadith were created in the Ottoman Empire. One of these works is “Lataif un-Nabi” by Akhmad Tashkuprizada, which contains the jokes of our Prophet. This work, which collects the jokes of our Prophet, gives us information about how our attitude and behavior should be towards jokes. The work contains forty hadith commentaries. This work helps to determine the place and level of humor in Islamic ethics. The article provides detailed information about this.

The article analyzes the priority directions for the formation and development of personal spirituality and morality in the conditions of a secular state, while preserving the important role of Islam as a traditional religion and a cultural factor.

This article presents important information on the economic indicators of Bukhara region on the eve of independence, the impact of state policy on the economy, state plans, agricultural issues, cotton policy, food supply, and industrial sectors.

This article analyzes the role and significance of the Turkestan Jadids in the development of science and scholarship. It highlights the activities carried out by representatives of the Jadid movement aimed at modernizing the education system, fostering scientific thinking, popularizing secular sciences, and transforming social consciousness. Viewing knowledge as the principal force for awakening the nation, the Jadids sought to reform traditional methods of instruction in schools and madrasas. The textbooks they authored, the new-method schools they established, and the scientific and educational works they published contributed significantly to the formation of modern knowledge in Turkestan. The article examines the Jadids’ theoretical views and practical activities in the fields of history, geography, natural sciences, linguistics, and pedagogy through a scholarly lens. This study is intended to provide an objective assessment of the Jadids’ contribution to the advancement of science and to reinterpret their intellectual legacy from a contemporary perspective.

Uzbekistan’s diplomatic activity in the Central Asian region is increasingly shaping as one of the key and priority directions of the country’s foreign policy. The development of relations based on mutual trust, open dialogue, and a balance of interests with regional states constitutes the core principles of Uzbekistan’s diplomacy. In recent years, the initiatives put forward by the country have contributed to intensifying political dialogue, expanding trade and economic cooperation, and integrating transport and logistics capabilities. At the same time, Uzbekistan’s balanced approach to the rational use of water and energy resources, joint resolution of environmental issues, and strengthening regional security is of particular significance.

This article presents a comprehensive scholarly analysis of the implementation of the 2005 State Program “Year of Health” in Jizzakh region, Republic of Uzbekistan. The study examines the program’s key directions, including the promotion of healthy lifestyles, strengthening maternal and child health protection, supporting the elderly and socially vulnerable groups, and enhancing the prevention of infectious diseases. Considerable attention is given to the modernization of medical infrastructure, improvements in epidemiological resilience, and the implementation of sanitary and preventive measures across the region.

The effectiveness of the measures carried out in Jizzakh region is thoroughly assessed, revealing the institutional impact of the program on the development of the regional healthcare system. Findings indicate that the program served as an essential foundation for reinforcing preventive medicine, improving healthcare service quality, and advancing public health indicators. The research additionally highlights the significant contribution of women professionals whose active engagement enhanced the overall efficiency and long-term outcomes of the program’s implementation.

the article analyzes the Turkistan Jadid movement and the activities of its leading figures, particularly Munavvar Qori Abdurashidkhanov and Sadriddin Ayni. They made significant contributions to transforming young people into educated specialists, establishing new-method schools, and promoting enlightenment. The article highlights the importance of Jadid schools for societal progress.

This article explores the concept and essence of the welfare (social) state, its historical evolution, and its contemporary role within democratic societies. It analyzes the core features of a social state, including the guarantee of citizens’ rights, the development of social protection systems, equitable distribution policies, state responsibility, and mechanisms for ensuring sustainable public welfare. The study also examines Uzbekistan’s prospects for developing as a social state and the reforms aimed at improving citizens’ well-being.

This article analyzes the process of forming an individual's intellectual culture from a socio-philosophical perspective. It is substantiated that intellectual culture is inextricably linked with the level of development of human thinking, the content of cognitive activity, and the system of spiritual values. The study separately highlights the role of education, openness of the information environment, digital technologies, and creative thinking in the formation of intellectual culture. It is also emphasized that increasing the intellectual potential of the individual is connected with the innovative development of society. According to the results of the article, the harmony of the social environment, the education system, and cultural values is defined as an important factor in the development of intellectual culture.

The article examines the role of qualified personnel as the intellectual driving force behind green development. It emphasizes that the transition to a sustainable economy is impossible without a system of training professionals equipped with ecological thinking, digital skills, and innovative technologies. The author analyzes state and international initiatives in “green education” and professional retraining and highlights successful models of integrating sustainability principles into the educational process. Special attention is paid to Uzbekistan’s experience, where programs are implemented for training specialists in renewable energy, ecotourism, and environmental management. The study substantiates the need to create an intellectual ecosystem fostering human capital as the main driver of the green economy.

This article examines the socio-philosophical role of women within the Jadid movement of early twentieth-century Turkestan through the life of Maryam Sultonmurodova. The study focuses on enlightenment ideals, women’s pursuit of education abroad, and the tragic consequences of repression under a totalitarian regime. Maryam Sultonmurodova’s life is interpreted as a model of dedication, moral courage, and national responsibility.

The article briefly describes the most prominent figures among the Turkestan Poles who, by the will of fate, found themselves in the region and took an active part in the study and exploration of the Pamirs.

As the respected head of state said, “the Uzbek nation and Uzbek children have no place to lag behind any nation or people in their abilities, intelligence, and hard work, they only need to make full use of their intellectual abilities and use them to perfection.“  Independence has freed today's youth from such traps of the old ideology.  Opportunities for self-expression in studies and knowledge acquisition were created for young people.

This article analyzes the relationship between judicial independence and the principle of the rule of law from both theoretical and practical perspectives. It substantiates that the independence of the judiciary, as one of the fundamental pillars of a rule-of-law state, must be guaranteed at the level of constitutional and international legal norms, as this condition is essential for the effective implementation of the rule of law in practice. The study examines relevant provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, judicial and legal reforms, as well as international instruments such as the UN Basic Principles on the Independence of the Judiciary adopted by the United Nations and the Rule of Law Checklist developed by the Venice Commission.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of media and social networks on shaping youth worldview in the era of globalization and digitalization. It examines theoretical perspectives from Eastern and Western scholars, cognitive and psychological mechanisms of media influence, and the transformative role of visual imagery, digital narratives, and social media algorithms. The study analyzes both positive and negative effects of media on youth identity, moral values, cultural orientation, and social behavior. Special attention is given to issues of misinformation, digital dependence, value erosion, and the challenges facing national identity in the global information space. The article concludes with scientifically grounded recommendations aimed at strengthening youth worldview and critical thinking in the contemporary media environment.

This article analyzes the formation of the principles of a social state in the context of New Uzbekistan and their role in national policy. The study highlights the processes of prioritizing human interests, strengthening the social protection system, and improving mechanisms of equitable distribution. It also examines the essence of social reforms and the implementation of the “For the Dignity of Man” concept within the system of public administration. The concept of a social state is explored in close connection with national traditions and civil society institutions.

The aim of this study is to identify and analyze the socio-economic factors influencing the development of women’s social responsibility in the implementation of Uzbekistan’s new development strategy. The research examines how women’s social activity in society, family and professional responsibilities, economic opportunities, education, and professional training contribute to shaping social responsibility. Furthermore, the role of state policies, social programs, and economic incentives in enhancing women’s social and economic engagement is analyzed. The results of the study aim to strengthen women’s contribution to societal development, expand their socio-economic opportunities, and provide recommendations for the effective implementation of the new development strategy.

This article analyzes the role of the family and education system in ensuring youth social mobility based on modern theoretical concepts. The theoretical framework draws on P. Sorokin’s Social Mobility concept and A. Giddens’ Structuration Theory, as well as the ideas of British and German scholars such as J. Goldthorpe, A. Heath, U. Beck, and R. Dahrendorf on stratification and equality of opportunity. In addition, studies by A. Yunusov, B. Tojiboyev, T. Norboyeva, and M. Kukhterina are examined in the context of family resources—economic, cultural, and social capital—and their interaction with educational institutions (early childhood education, general secondary, higher, and vocational education).

In the article, the author, from a scientific and theoretical position, examined the system of criminal penalties applied during the period of Zoroastrianism on the territory of Uzbekistan. In particular, the types and composition of punishments used during this period were studied, the features of their application and purposes were examined, the results of scientific research, the views and approaches of scientists and researchers regarding the classification of punishments for crimes in the Avesta were analyzed. Based on the results of the study, relevant scientific and theoretical conclusions are presented.

The article analyzes the scientific heritage of encyclopedic scholars of Central Asia and their contribution to the development of world science. The main focus is on the works of Oriental scholars, the processes of preserving and cataloging their manuscripts, as well as the dissemination of scientific heritage in international sources. Through the article, modern research on the works of encyclopedic scholars, their valuable scientific significance, and opportunities for future scientific studies are presented.

This article analyzes the process of formation of the concept of the social state in modern Uzbekistan, its theoretical and philosophical foundations and practical problems. The author highlights the principles of social justice, human dignity and civic responsibility as central criteria of social policy. Also, the issues of balance between economic reforms and social stability, participation of civil society and development of social capital are studied from a philosophical point of view. The article substantiates the future prospects of the social state - the need to develop human capital, introduce the principle of subsidiarity, and make justice and trust the stable foundation of the social system.

The article analyzes the pedagogical and practical foundations of developing legal culture and increasing legal literacy among youth. It examines recent reforms in the legal education system of Uzbekistan, introduced through presidential decrees and national concepts. Practical outcomes of these reforms, particularly through the collaboration between Namangan State University and secondary schools, are evaluated. The study highlights mechanisms for fostering respect for law, a sense of duty, and legal immunity among students.

This article will talk about the activities of the prosecutor's office bodies carrying out control over the implementation of laws in Uzbekistan during the years of po-litical repression, changes in the prosecutor's office system, adopted legal docu-ments, repressed leaders and employees, participation of the population in the pro-tection of rights freedoms in complex conditions. In addition, an analysis of data related to the activities of the prosecutor's office in the implementation of legislative control during this period is presented.

This article examines the socio-cultural evolution of ecological consciousness in the context of globalization. The study highlights the global nature of environmental risks, the cultural universalization of ecological values, and the formation of ecological awareness through educational and institutional mechanisms. Ethical, cultural, and educational dimensions of ecological consciousness, as well as its role in societal development, are conceptually analyzed.

This article analyzes, based on historical sources, the formation of proletarian tourism in the USSR during the 1920s–1930s and its role in organizing tourism in Uzbekistan. It highlights the activities of the All-Union Proletarian Tourism and Excursions Society (BPTET), the inclusion of Central Asia among the main tourist routes, the establishment of the Uzbek PTET, and the processes of forming its structural organization. Additionally, the article examines, from a scholarly perspective, the construction of tourist bases in the republic, the expansion of the membership system, and the initial practical experiences aimed at developing mass tourism. It is also shown that the intensified totalitarian policies and ideological control in the USSR during the second half of the 1930s led to the dissolution of proletarian tourism organizations. Nevertheless, this short-term activity laid an important historical foundation for the development of tourism infrastructure and management experience in Uzbekistan.

The article examines the process of formation and development of the chemical industry of Russia in the second half of the XIX century. The main directions of chemical production, its historical prerequisites, product output dynamics, and the geography of enterprise locations were analyzed. Special attention was paid to the influence of internal and external factors on the development of the industry.

This article analyzes the legal relations between the employer, employee and trade union within the framework of labor legislation in Uzbekistan. The main objective of the study is to identify the normative foundations of the interaction between these three parties and assess their practical significance. The study used the methods of logical analysis, normative-legal comparison, systematic approach and legal interpretation. The results showed that the Labor Code and related documents, while protecting the interests of the employee, seek to preserve the organizational freedom of the employer. Trade unions also appear as an important tool in preventing labor disputes through the mechanism of social partnership. In the process of studying, it was revealed that there are practical problems in the application of some norms. In conclusion, the need to harmonize legal mechanisms and strengthen the participation of trade unions for the sustainable development of labor relations was substantiated. Therefore, consistent application of laws, raising legal awareness, expanding open dialogue between the parties, and improving the quality of collective agreements will serve to strengthen justice and trust in labor relations, ensure long-term stability, and create conditions for balanced development in the labor market, and significantly increase practical efficiency by harmonizing national legislation with modern requirements

Studying the history of administrative-territorial changes in the Surkhandarya district (region) is of significant scientific and practical importance, not only for researching the region's history but also for identifying the stages in the formation of the modern territorial governance system. This article analyzes the administrative-territorial reforms carried out in Surkhandarya, as well as their content and essence.

The article analyzes the role and significance of public oversight in the activities of civil society institutions. It highlights the importance of ensuring openness and transparency in public administration, strengthening citizens’ participation in social processes, and integrating public needs into state policy through mechanisms of public control. The practical effectiveness of public hearings, monitoring, and expertise, as well as existing challenges and ways to address them, are examined on the basis of legal sources and scientific research. The results of the study demonstrate that public oversight, as an independent actor of civil society institutions, serves as an important democratic tool in governing society.

This article describes the development of society, the issue of fire and safety in the social life of mankind, the fact that its provision is one of the urgent tasks before society, the history of the introduction of the safety system in society, the components of the structures of society dealing with the issue of safety, the stages of the system's formation and development.

This article discusses the features of the functional capabilities of the new Uzbekistan state mechanism. In recent years, deep reforms have been carried out in the system of public administration of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The main goal of these reforms is to make the state mechanism more effective, transparent, and human-centered. The state mechanism of New Uzbekistan not only includes modern management principles, but also serves to form the country as a competitive state in the international arena at a new stage of development.

the article analyzes the emergence of Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Buddhism, Christianity, Manichaeism, Shamanism, and Tengrism, their spread in Central Asia, their sources, their relationship with the state, and the social relations regulated by their norms. It also explores the essence and significance of interfaith relations in the region and draws relevant conclusions.

The article examines Arab national identity as a multifaceted process shaped at the intersection of historical, cultural, religious, and political factors. It highlights the role of the Arabic language and Islam, the ideological functions of historical memory and post-colonial experience, as well as the impact of globalization on cultural self-perception. The study addresses the consequences of colonialism, the efforts of intellectuals to reconstruct national identity, and the emergence of hybrid forms of self-identification. The role of the intellectual elite in shaping the Arab national narrative is demonstrated, while identity is interpreted as a constructive, dynamic phenomenon open to historical transformation.

The article examines the phenomenon of digital gender-based violence in the context of the rapid digitalization of social processes. It analyzes the main forms of online violence against women, including threats, harassment, dissemination of confidential information, publication of intimate materials without consent, and the use of deepfake content, as well as their impact on the enjoyment of women’s fundamental rights. Special attention is paid to international legal standards of protection developed within the framework of CEDAW, the activities of UN special mechanisms, and regional instruments, as well as to the challenges of their implementation, particularly in Central Asian countries. The purpose of the study is to systematize the forms of digital violence, assess their consequences for women’s rights, and determine the international legal obligations of states to prevent and combat such violations in the digital environment.

This article analyzes the external relations of the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic (hereinafter BNSR) in 1920-1924. Attempts of the Bukharan Republic to establish diplomatic and trade relations with such states as the RSFSR, Iran, Afghanistan, Turkey, and Azerbaijan are highlighted. According to the data obtained, although the BNSR carried out certain independent actions in the field of foreign policy, its foreign relations were largely formed within the framework of the influence of the Soviet Union. The article is written based on the historical-analytical method and is based on archival documents and scientific research.

The article analyzes the theoretical and legal foundations of mixed and unnamed (innominate) contracts, as well as their potential to reduce corruption risks, particularly in ensuring transparency in public procurement and social programs. It highlights problems arising in Uzbekistan due to the use of standard contracts or the absence of contracts in programs such as greenhouse construction and the provision of sewing machines to certain segments of the population. Additionally, the article examines international experiences from Singapore, South Korea, Malaysia, Ukraine, Georgia, Chile, Japan, the USA, and other countries, showing that mechanisms like e-procurement, open contracting, and integrity pacts are often legally characteristic of mixed or unnamed contracts. The article concludes that strict reliance on standard (named) contracts—especially in large-scale social programs—without considering local conditions and beneficiary interests creates an environment conducive to corruption. In contrast, mixed and unnamed contracts allow adaptation of the contract to the activity, focus on user interests, pay based on “results achieved,” and combine anti-corruption measures (integrity clauses, monitoring, open data) into a single comprehensive legal document.        

The article examines the formation of the East Slavic diaspora in Turkestan in 1918–1924. It identifies the main migration waves during the Civil War and early NEP, outlines the social composition of migrants and urban groups, and highlights key settlement areas linked to administrative centers and the railway network.

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the theoretical and practical foundations for enhancing the legal awareness and legal culture of youth amid globalization processes, the rapid development of information and communication technologies, transnational threats, ideological pressures, and the expansion of virtual manipulative environments.

In the context of modern globalization and digital transformation, cybersecurity and cyberethics have gained significant importance at both global and national levels. International organizations such as the UN, UNESCO, and the European Union have developed cyberethics codes and normative documents that define essential principles such as cybersecurity, information freedom, and personal privacy. This article explores how Uzbekistan's digital policies and ethical principles respond to global standards, as well as the changes occurring based on national cultural and social characteristics, and the practical significance of international cyberethics codes. The article aims to analyze the alignment of Uzbekistan's cybersecurity policies with international principles and to propose necessary recommendations for further developing cybersecurity in the future.

This article analyzes the process of digitalization in Uzbekistan’s judicial system and its impact on compliance with procedural deadlines. The study highlights the role of the E-SUD electronic system, online court hearings, and automated monitoring mechanisms in improving judicial efficiency. It also discusses technical, legal, and organizational challenges and suggests solutions. The author concludes that digital transformation in the judiciary strengthens procedural discipline, reduces human error, and ensures timely access to justice.

This article analyzes the processes of social differentiation of the urban population in Uzbekistan from the late 15th to the early 17th centuries based on a historical and source-based approach. The study relies on the scholarly legacy of Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor R. G. Mukminova. Particular attention is paid to the social status of craftsmen, their role in the economic structure of medieval cities, and their dependence on feudal lords, merchants, and moneylenders. Using written, archaeological, ethnographic, and numismatic sources, the article reveals the characteristics of social and property stratification in medieval urban society.

The article analyzes the culture of speech, neighborly relations, and the virtue of hospitality in Islamic teachings as essential components of faith. Speech etiquette is presented as a criterion reflecting the spiritual maturity and level of belief of a Muslim individual. In addition, based on the sayings of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) regarding proper use of language, avoiding harm to others, and honoring guests, the ideas of social harmony and moral unity are examined. The article reveals the role and contemporary significance of these virtues in strengthening the moral environment of society.

The article reveals the specific features of the formation of the German diaspora in Tashkent, starting from the Turkestan period up to Uzbekistan’s independence. The author consistently examines the participation and contribution of representatives of the German diaspora to the socio-economic and cultural life of Tashkent.

The article shows that in the reforms of the higher education and postgraduate education system in Uzbekistan, the broad involvement of talented women in scientific and research activities and the comprehensive development of their intellectual potential have become a priority task of state policy.

In covering the topic, the UN Sustainable Development Goals and Uzbekistan's national goals for sustainable development for the period up to 2030, legal documents on expanding the rights and opportunities of all women in science and ensuring gender balance, legislative documents of the Republic of Uzbekistan, archival funds, and current archives of non-governmental organizations protecting the interests of women were used and analyzed on this basis.

This article analyzes the development of forest management, conservation, and governance systems in the historical region of Turkestan. The study covers the evolution of forest management from ancient times to the colonial period of Tsarist Russia, the Soviet period, and the changes that occurred after independence. Historical sources are used to examine legal and regulatory acts, administrative structures, and forestry practices.

The article examines the history of paper production and use in the Kokand Khanate (18th – first half of the 19th century). It explores the origins of papermaking in the Fergana Valley, main production centers (Kokand, Margilan, Andijan, Namangan), traditional technologies, areas of application (state administration, religion, education, book culture) and the reasons for the decline of the craft in the mid-19th century under the influence of Russian factory-made paper. The role of paper as a strategic resource of the state, an important element of material and spiritual culture, and its significance for understanding the level of development of the khanate and the continuity of medieval traditions is emphasized.

This article examines the essence and theoretical foundations of the paradigm of moral values in Abu Nasr al-Farabi’s philosophy through the unity of knowledge, faith, moral excellence, personal perfection, and virtuous city. Morality is interpreted not as a set of external behavioral rules but as an integral philosophical system that enables the attainment of the highest end - happiness - through rational cognition, inner conviction, and the practical cultivation of virtues. The study argues that knowledge provides the primary basis for moral understanding, faith stabilizes this understanding as an internal value orientation, and virtuous character constitutes the practical embodiment of the unity between knowledge and faith. It is shown that virtues are formed through education, conscious choice, and repeated practice, while the doctrine of the “mean” serves as a criterion of moral maturity. Within the framework of the “virtuous city” doctrine, justice is analyzed as the central principle of the moral value system, linking knowledge, faith, and virtue and guiding the direction of social perfection. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of al-Farabi’s ethical thought in the context of contemporary philosophical research.

This article examines the culture and strategic approaches of civil servants in responding to inconvenient and provocative questions during interactions with the mass media. Drawing on international experience, the study explores various tactical models of handling provocative inquiries. Furthermore, the legal foundations of media cooperation and information disclosure within the framework of the legislation of Uzbekistan are analyzed.

The article examines the functioning of the healthcare system of the Namangan region during the Second World War, the spread of rashes and malaria among the population of the republic and the region, the issue of training personnel in medical institutions of the Uzbek SSR, training of medical personnel in short-term courses, as well as the population's need for medicines, for the population of the region the activities of the built hospitals are covered based on the analysis of primary documents.

This article analyzes the activities of Orthodox churches in the country after Uzbekistan gained independence, their legal status and role in public life. The study covers the issues of reorganization of Orthodox communities, restoration of churches and opening of new religious centers on the example of Samarkand region. It also analyzes cooperation between the state and the church, practical results of the policy of religious tolerance, and the cultural and architectural significance of the Orthodox heritage.

The article analyzes the reforms implemented in Uzbekistan to ensure and protect the rights of persons with disabilities, the legislative framework, and the role of prosecutorial oversight. Particular attention is given to the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and national legislation, directions for their improvement, and the tasks of prosecution bodies in ensuring legality and oversight mechanisms. Existing challenges are identified, and recommendations for their resolution are proposed.

This article examines the state of educational work, the health of pupils and sanitation and hygiene, and analyzes the personnel issue in orphanages in Uzbekistan in 1930-1991. During the Soviet period, the most problematic issue was the lack of personnel in orphanages.

This article examines the contemporary evolution of human resources and human capital and their central role in social and economic development. It outlines the shift from viewing people as mere labor to recognizing them as composite assets of knowledge, health, skills and creativity that determine competitiveness. The impact of digital transformation and automation is analyzed, highlighting the need for sustainable, adaptable and long-term workforce strategies. The article emphasizes the strategic importance of investments in education, healthcare and continuous reskilling for building quality human capital. Human development indicators, such as life expectancy and education quality, are discussed as measures of societal wellbeing. Digital learning platforms enable rapid skills updating but also pose risks of occupational displacement. Sustainable development frameworks are shown to align policies for inclusive growth. The conclusion stresses that coordinated institutional policies and targeted investments are essential to strengthen human capital and secure resilient national development.

This article analyzes the history of waqf deeds in Turkestan during the 19th–20th centuries, their role in society, and their socio-economic significance. Waqf deeds—documents that regulated the allocation of charitable funds to various sectors of society, including madrasahs, mosques, and other social institutions—played an important role in the cultural and economic life of Turkestan during that period. The article examines the formation and structure of waqf deeds, their influence on social life, as well as the specific characteristics of waqf practices in Turkestan in the 19th–20th centuries.

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the stages of the legislative process within the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis (Parliament), including their organizational and legal foundations, and practical effectiveness. Systemic issues encountered during the process of considering draft laws are identified and illuminated. Furthermore, the experience of foreign countries is studied, and scientific-theoretical and practical proposals aimed at the further improvement of parliamentary law-making are put forward.

This article examines how digital technologies fundamentally transform citizens’ perceptions of participation in politics and their ability to influence political decision-making. It analyzes how digitalization contributes to optimizing human resources and enables new forms of political participation. The study also explores issues related to informatization and modern information tools, which, alongside their positive impact on economic and political spheres, the introduction of advanced technologies, and the growth of society’s intellectual potential, intensify competition for the information space and further expand opportunities for information and psychological influence on individuals.

The present article examines the system of interaction between public policy and civil society institutions within the context of contemporary political and legal development. The author conducts a multi-dimensional analysis of the conceptual and regulatory foundations of social partnership, revealing its role as a tool of democratic governance that ensures the alignment of the interests of the state, society, and the non-governmental sector. Special attention is given to the institutional evolution of citizen participation mechanisms in public administration, as well as the growing role of non-governmental organizations, mass media, and business structures in the public sphere.

The article provides a detailed analysis of the concept of a disability indicator and issues related to its classification. Although the notion of a person with a disability is generally recognized, the specific indicators of disability differ. For example, individuals with visual impairments, individuals with hearing impairments, persons with physical disabilities, and others. These conditions are identified as disability indicators. In this sense, a disability indicator reflects a particular health-related problem of a person with a disability. The article also presents a scholarly-theoretical and comparative analysis of academic approaches to disability indicators. The author proposes original definitions regarding the concept of disability and its classification.

China, with its rich history and spiritual heritage, is recognized as one of the cradles of world civilization. Over the centuries, various religious traditions developed on this land, forming great moral and cultural values. Christianity, Judaism, and Islam also spread in this region and influenced the cultural life of the peoples living in China. This article discusses the history of the spread of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam in China, their impact on the country’s political, economic, and spiritual life, as well as the condition of these religions in the 17th–18th centuries.

This article examines the ongoing reforms in the education system of New Uzbekistan, with special attention to the modernization of vocational education, the improvement of continuous learning, and the enhancement of workforce training quality. It analyzes the socio-economic significance of vocational education, its role in shaping an innovative economy, and its integration with labor market demands. The study also highlights the importance of developing national identity and intellectual capacity through education. Furthermore, the indispensable role of philosophy in forming broad-minded, socially responsible, and intellectually mature specialists is substantiated. The article emphasizes a synergistic approach to developing an effective educational strategy based on the harmony of national values and global scientific advancement.

This article analyzes the essence of innovative thinking, its role and importance in society's development. The impact of innovative thinking on economic, social, and spiritual development is revealed. The strategic importance of innovative thinking in the context of globalization and digital development is also substantiated.

The article analyzes the role of Imam Abu Mansur al-Maturidi’s teachers in his intellectual formation, as well as the information about them found in historical sources. The views of scholars such as Abul Muin al-Nasafi, Rudolph, Sh. Ziyodov, A. Ak, and A. Hazbiy are compared, presenting a list of the teachers who influenced Maturidi and highlighting the key aspects of their scholarly activity. The text outlines the scholarly legacy and contributions of teachers such as Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Ishaq al-Juzjani, Ahmad ibn Abbas al-Iyozi, Muhammad ibn Muqatil al-Razi, Nusayr ibn Yahya al-Balkhi, and Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rajo al-Juzjani in the fields of fiqh, hadith, and kalam. Information is also provided about lesser-known teachers such as Abu Usja Tuba ibn Qutayba al-Nahawi al-Arabi. The study concludes that these teachers played a crucial role in Maturidi’s attainment of profound mastery in fiqh, hadith, and particularly kalam, emphasizing Maturidi’s significant contribution to the development of the science of kalam.

In today's digital society, characterized by the widespread dissemination of information and the development of various technologies, evidence whose origin cannot be determined is increasingly encountered. This research article aims to assess the impact of so-called anonymous evidence on the proof process, analyzing its nature, the risks associated with its use, and potential ways to improve its credibility in legal and scientific contexts. The result of this research will be a valuable theoretical conclusion that not all anonymous evidence should be excluded from the attention of law enforcement agencies, and that the capabilities of criminal procedure law, allowing for the initiation of criminal cases on other grounds provided for by law, should be utilized. Subsequently, a focus on supplementing criminal procedure law with certain innovations in this area is envisaged.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the effective ways, key factors, and practical tools for promoting the spiritual well-being of youth within the mahalla environment. It highlights the social and educational functions of the mahalla institution, the role of spiritual and educational activities in shaping the worldview of young people, and the importance of cooperation among the family, mahalla, and educational institutions. The study also examines the legal foundations, state programs, and normative documents aimed at ensuring the spiritual upbringing and well-being of youth. Furthermore, the article presents scholarly recommendations for improving the effectiveness of spiritual and preventive activities carried out in mahallas.

This scientific article examines the influence of education, cultural heritage, mass media, and national ideology on the formation of national consciousness, a sense of patriotism, and collective memory in Uzbekistan's youth in the context of globalization. The research results show that studying the forms of national self-awareness among young people, relying on the history of its formation, develops national pride and social solidarity. This scientific article presents opinions necessary for preserving the national-cultural identity of young people in the context of global changes.

This article analyzes the effectiveness of the youth work system in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The article discusses the main directions of youth policy, legal and regulatory documents aimed at supporting young people socially, economically, and culturally, as well as opportunities created for their active participation in society. Additionally, the necessity of improving the youth work system and the measures required for its efficient operation are explored. The article is focused on examining the development of youth, supporting their activities, and the policies implemented in this regard.

This article analyzes the life, scientific activity, and candidate dissertation of Academician R. Aminova. The study highlights Aminova’s scholarly position in covering the historical processes of irrigation works and the construction of the Great Fergana Canal in Uzbekistan, as well as her objective analysis of the people's labor and socio-political developments based on historical sources and archival materials.

This article presents a comparative political analysis of the energy security systems of Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, focusing on institutional structures, resource management, reform trajectories, and long-term sustainability. Both countries share vast hydrocarbon endowments and a legacy of centralized energy governance, yet differ significantly in their strategic responses to global energy transitions. Uzbekistan has initiated notable reforms aimed at market liberalization and renewable integration, while Turkmenistan remains reliant on gas exports with limited diversification.

This article analyzes the foundational sources for the formation of knowledge and belief in Islamic creed (aqidah). According to the views of the scholars of Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama'ah, it is explained that knowledge is acquired through three primary means: sound senses, reliable reports (transmission), and sound reason (intellect). The article elucidates the nature, limitations, and mutual compatibility of each of these means, based on foundational creedal works.

The moral qualities of national heroes are emphasized: feelings such as patriotism, selflessness, courage, justice and determination. National heroes are symbols of the nation. With their actions, patriotism, and selflessness, they leave an indelible mark on history and strengthen the national spirit as an example for future generations.

This study analyzes the root causes, strategic objectives, and implementation mechanisms of the Russian Empire’s military-political expansion into Central Asia, specifically the Zarafshan Valley, during the 1860s, based on primary sources. The article substantiates that the Empire’s actions in the region were not a spontaneous process but the product of a deeply calculated geostrategic plan – a proactive policy aimed at “connecting the Orenburg and Siberian lines”, achieving “cotton independence”, and halting the northward advance of the British Empire. The author examines A.I. Glukhovsky’s strategic projects, the diplomatic nature of the Gorchakov Circular, and the internal political crisis in the Emirate of Bukhara in their dialectical interconnection. The research scientifically demonstrates that the capture of the Zarafshan Valley was the decisive stage in transforming the region into a raw material appendage of the Empire.

This article analyzes the theoretical and practical significance of synergetic methodology in studying the formation, development, and functional activity of artificial cognitive systems. The study provides scientific insights into the emergence of consciousness in the information environment and the role of evolutionary processes based on mechanisms of nonequilibrium stability, fluctuations, and self-organization in the functioning of artificial systems. It also assesses the transformative impact of artificial intelligence on management, the labor market, moral decision-making, and social development from a performance perspective. Along with the technical and informational structure of artificial cognitive systems, the article examines their impact on social and spiritual processes using a synergetic approach. The results of the study allow us to assess artificial intelligence as an important factor in national development, identify its potential and risks, and formulate scientific and methodological principles for its management.

The article examines the challenges associated with the development of fine-staple cotton cultivation in our country by analyzing the historical and economic necessity of its introduction. It explores the history and significance of cotton production and processing, as well as its impact on other sectors of the economy. Dedicated to the history of cotton farming in Uzbekistan, the article is based on archival documents from the National Archives of Uzbekistan, scientific research by foreign and local scholars, monographs, and brochures. The study provides comprehensive conclusions regarding the subject matter.

This scientific article highlights the role of the sacred religion of Islam in the internal and external activities of Sahibqiron Amir Temur. It discusses how he adopted Islam as the fundamental law of the state, how his beliefs were deeply rooted in Islamic teachings, and how he governed the vast empire based on established laws and regulations. The article also emphasizes that Islamic moral and ethical standards, particularly justice and truth, remained the guiding principles throughout Amir Temur’s activities.

Professor Rahbar Murtazayeva is a well-known scientist and pedagogue who made a great contribution to the development of the history of Uzbekistan. During her academic career, she paid great attention to the study of the history of our country, in particular, the socio-political events and processes of the period of independence. Her works are based on a deep analysis of historical processes and are created in order to share scientific and practical knowledge with the future generation. R.H. Murtazayeva occupies an important place in the science and education system as the author of educational manuals and textbooks on the "History of Uzbekistan". Her works are important not only for students and teachers, but also for researchers who want to understand historical events in depth.  Professor Murtazayeva, as an active member of the "Olima" women's association of Uzbekistan, was active in promoting the role of women in science and supporting the new generation of scientists. She made a great contribution to the development of the science of history not only through scientific works, but also through pedagogical activities. This article is written by R.Kh. It was written in order to glorify Murtazayeva's scientific and pedagogical activities, to recognize her contribution to the science of our country.

This article provides a systematic analysis of the formation of regional urban planning and early statehood traditions in the Fergana Valley, examining their development processes within socio-economic and political contexts, as well as their historical significance.

This article will talk about the penetration of Information Communication Technologies and internet networks into the state management system, its advantages and problems. At the same time, the role of information and communication technologies in the state management system, the role of e-government in the relations of the state and citizens were played.

This article analyzes the formation of the Korean diaspora in Uzbekistan through historical factors and a socio-philosophical perspective. It examines the forced deportation of the 1930s, adaptation to new geographic and cultural conditions, preservation of national identity, and the key determinants influencing the community’s socio-cultural development. The study also highlights the contribution of the Korean diaspora to Uzbekistan’s society and discusses its role in promoting interethnic harmony and cultural coexistence within the framework of state policies.

This article analyzes the political, economic, and administrative aspects of the governance of the third Rightly Guided Caliph – Uthman ibn Affan (may Allah be pleased with him). It highlights the Caliph’s initiatives such as the unification of the Qur’an into an official standardized version, the expansion of the Bayt al-Mal (state treasury) system, the improvement of provincial administration, the establishment of a naval fleet, and efforts to ensure social justice. The article also discusses, based on historical sources, the political conflicts and internal strife (fitna) that arose during his rule and their underlying causes. The study emphasizes that Caliph Uthman’s reforms had a profound influence on the subsequent stages of Islamic civilization, and that his contributions in upholding justice, generosity, and the preservation of the Qur’an hold a significant place in the history of Muslim statehood.

The article examines the complex relationship between spirituality and philosophy in Islamic thought, especially Sufism, which embodies a deep harmony of mystical experience and philosophical research, and the thoughts of scholars who have transmitted this teaching to the world. The essence of our research is one of the brightest representatives of the mystical world of the XVIII-XIX centuries, Muhammad Khorezmi, who at one time put forward mystical, mystical and socio–philosophical ideas in his views. Our scientific work highlights that the scientific legacy of Sheikh Odin Muhammad Khorezmi is Eastern philosophy, in particular the concept of human essence, morality and spiritual perfection.

This article analyzes the role and significance of mass media (MM) in the modern development period, as well as their contribution to shaping the spirituality and political thinking of youth. Furthermore, it highlights the effective reforms being implemented in this regard in Uzbekistan and globally, the importance of mass media in the current fast-paced era, and their relevance for young people.

This article examines the legal nature and practical significance of the pre-trial (administrative) review of administrative acts adopted in the process of issuing technical conditions for connection to water supply and wastewater disposal networks. Based on the analysis of the current legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the procedure for obtaining technical conditions, consumer rights, and administrative appeal mechanisms are discussed. Particular attention is paid to a comparative legal analysis of the experience of the United States, Germany, UK and Japan in the field of pre-trial dispute resolution. As a result of the study, proposals are formulated to improve the national system of pre-trial review, including the introduction of independent regulation, digitalization of procedures, and strengthening of the technical expertise institution. The implementation of these measures aims to enhance transparency, reduce corruption risks, and ensure effective protection of consumers’ rights.

In the works of Husayn Voiz Kashifi, the concept of the perfect human is articulated through the harmony of knowledge, education, and moral qualities. Such spiritual and ethical attributes as truthfulness, honesty, love, loyalty, compassion, kindness, justice, fairness, fidelity, courtesy, gentleness, generosity, benevolence, humility, thirst for knowledge, wisdom, integrity, and righteousness are interpreted as the fundamental standards of human perfection.

This article provides a scientific analysis of how human and civil rights and freedoms are reinforced in the new edition of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the basis of innovative approaches, as well as their significance in legislation and legal practice.

This article analyzes the role and social significance of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in modern society from a socio-philosophical perspective. The study examines the transformational role of AI technologies in the economy, education, healthcare, and cultural spheres. The article considers artificial intelligence as an important factor influencing new social relations, moral norms, and decision-making processes in the life of society. Also, social risks associated with AI, moral dilemmas, and the impact on human spiritual and moral values are philosophically analyzed. The article reveals the transformational potential of the artificial intelligence phenomenon in social processes and makes it possible to assess its significance in future socio-economic, cultural, and spiritual life.

This article will scientifically analyze the historical roots of the art of puppet theater, the process of formation and stages of development in the territory of the country. The study highlights the elements of puppetry found in the samples of traditional ritual and folk art in the region, their artistic and spiritual functions and the role of this art in the structure of local cultural processes. Also analyzed are innovative directions observed in the activities of the regional Puppet Theater in the years of Independence - the renewal of stage technologies, the enrichment of dramaturgy and repertoire content, modern pedagogical approaches aimed at a young audience, creative research on improving performance skills. The results of the article will reveal the territorial features of the art of puppet theater, as well as show on a scientific basis its adaptation to the needs of the consumer at today's stage and increasing cultural and educational significance.

Mazkur mavzuda mustaqillik yillarida O‘zbekistonda ma’naviy rivojlanish jarayoni va uning dolzarb muammolari ilmiy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Jamiyat hayotida milliy qadriyatlarni tiklash va umuminsoniy tamoyillar bilan uyg‘unlashtirish masalalari asosiy yo‘nalish sifatida yoritiladi. Ma’naviy taraqqiyotga ta’sir etuvchi ijtimoiy, siyosiy va madaniy omillar o‘zaro bog‘liqlikda ko‘rib chiqiladi. Yoshlar ma’naviyatini shakllantirishda ta’lim-tarbiya tizimining o‘rni alohida ta’kidlanadi. Tadqiqot natijalari ma’naviy rivojlanish muammolarini bartaraf etishda ilmiy-amaliy ahamiyatga ega.

This article examines the historical roots of horse breeding in Central Asia and the ecological and geographical conditions of the region. It addresses natural pastures, clean water sources, nutrient-rich steppes, and fertile crop fields that contributed to the development of purebred horses, their endurance, speed, and aesthetic qualities. Furthermore, the study analyzes the role of the ecological environment in the initial domestication of horses and their subsequent spread to other regions, as well as the strategic significance of water and pasture resources and the sustainability of regional horse breeding in early historical periods.

This article is devoted to analyzing the theoretical foundations of the communica-tive approach in teaching Arabic as a foreign language and examining its practical implementation. The primary objective of the study is to demonstrate how the communicative approach enhances language acquisition efficiency, in contrast to traditional approaches such as the translation-grammar method. The article empha-sizes the significant role of the communicative approach in developing productive language skills, particularly listening and speaking, in Arabic language education. Furthermore, the author explores innovative methodologies for implementing the communicative approach in practice, including role-plays, debates, and the use of authentic materials.